The Contraceptive Injection Stops Reproduction Essay

MYP Science One World Essay: A Reproductive Technology - The Contraceptive Injection Introduction: All around the world, people want to experience sexual intercourse without pregnancy. Women can get pregnant when a sperm fertilizes one of their eggs. Contraception attempts to stop fertilization by either stopping the sperm from reaching the egg or by altering egg production. The contraceptive injection is a long-term method to prevent pregnancy through altering egg production. How injections work: The injection is injected into a muscle in your bottom or upper arm. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestogen (synthetic progesterone), is released into the bloodstream over the course of eight to twelve weeks (source: Mirena). This stops†¦show more content†¦The injection does not interrupt sexual intercourse, unlike barrier contraceptive methods. However, the contraceptive injection uses artificial hormones to prevent pregnancy. This affects the menstrual cycle, as it can take up to one year for fertility to return to normal and up to two years for (source: Family Planning). Once used, the effects are irreversible. Women with specific conditions, such as pregnancy, bleeding after sexual intercourse or between periods, arterial disease, history of heart disease or stroke, thrombosis (blood clot), liver disease, migraines (recurring headache with nausea and disturbed vision), breast cancer or had breast cancer before, diabetes, cirrhosis, liver tumours and risk of osteoporosis (bones become brittle or fragile from loss of tissue), cannot use the injection (source: NHS). There are also several side effects, including weight gain, thinning of bones (due to affected estrogen levels), disrupted ovulation, headaches, acne, dizziness, fatigue, hair loss, tender breasts, mood changes and loss of urge to seek sexual satisfaction (source: NHS). Like all injections, there is a slight risk of infection at the site of injection (source: NHS). An allergic reaction is also possible, but rare (source:Show MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legal?1347 Words   |  6 Pages one must first know that abortion is never promoted by pro-choice supporters, and should always be a last resort. Other contraceptive measures should be taken to avoid an unplanned pregnancy. Abstinence, or not having sex altogether, although the least plausible, is the most effective. There are several birth control options such as the birth control pill, condoms, injections, and IUDs, but there are flaws in these methods; a woman can still get pregnant while using some form of birth control. AccordingRead MoreThe History of Birth Control and Society Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesdid not stop her. Soon after her first arrest she fled the country and traveled Europe for a year learning more about birth control options. She returned to the United States to face the distribution charges in 1915, prosecutors dropped all charges in February 1916. â€Å"Margaret opened the first birth control clinic in the United States,† (Rengal 208) on October 16, 1916. The clinic was only open for 10 days before Margaret was arrested again but in that short time she provided contraceptive knowledgeRead MoreBirth Control Technologies2391 Words   |  10 Pagesit become such a politically driven issue? Government always feels the need to step in and control people’s lives but is it really necessary. It also has become evident that women are pressured into t aking precautions when it comes to sex and reproduction. Whereas, men are not required to have the same responsibility even though several different methods of contraception have been created for them as well. So I plan to explore the history, significance, future, political implications and manyRead MoreGlobalization s Effect On Women s Reproductive Rights3461 Words   |  14 Pagesglobalization to see how they feel about it. The focus of this paper will be on globalization and the mass effect that it has had on women and their rights of reproductively. It has ranged from the creation of birth control to abortion. As well as other contraceptives that has come about during the course of time. This includes the spread of these methods and the receptions that the products have gotten from the people. The question that I will be covering in this paper is that in both, positive and negativesRead MoreWomens Reproductive Rights and Freedoms1983 Words   |  8 Pages Women’s reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms pertaining to reproduction and reproductive health. One can expect reproductive rights to include the following topics: the right to birth control, the right to legal abortion, the right to education and access so that properly informed choices can be made and the right to access good-quality reproductive healthcare. The women’s reproductive rights and freedoms movement move far beyond the topic of the abortion movement alone, there areRead More Abortion: A Woman Has the Right to Choose Essay examples2307 Words   |  10 Pagesthe most common in the United States. Surgical abortions begin with a pelvic examination. The doctors than administer a pain killer, usually Motrin or Tylenol and an anti-anxiety medication usually Ativan. The surgeon also gives anesthesia via IV injection to numb the cervix. Woman can also choose general anesthesia, where they are put to sleep during the entire operation. This is usuall y done in hospital settings and can sometimes require an additional fee. Next the cervix is dilated or opened soRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives 177-185 Effects on population growth 186-187 Drug and drug abuse 188-191 Man’s impact on the environment 192-199 Reproduction in man 200-201 References 202 Introduction Many people live their lives without having a clue about certainRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagesthe 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS), it was found that the total fertility rate has declined to an average of 2.9 children per woman (Dickson, 2002). A decline in fertility rates has been associated with a high use of contraceptives among women and also the legalisation of abortion in 1996 (Swartz, 2002). Despite the decline in the total fertility rate, adolescent pregnancy has been found to be significantly high. The SADHS revealed that adolescent pregnancies accounted forRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pageshypertrophic tissue and aphthous ulcers; its mechanism of action is A. B. C. D. E. Thermodynamic action Activation of tissue enzymes Osmotic pressure Protein precipitation PPT Neutralization 48. Which of the following adverse reaction of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious A. B. C. D. E. Hypotension Hepatotoxicity Uterine neoplasia Thromboembolism disorder Decreased resistance to infection 49. A patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin might show increased postRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages.................... Example 1.4 Spray Away the Flu The newspaper article â€Å"Spray Away Flu† (Omaha World-Herald, June 8, 1998) reported on a study of the effectiveness of a new ï ¬â€šu vaccine that is administered by nasal spray rather than by injection. The article states that the â€Å"researchers gave the spray to 1070 healthy children, 15 months to 6 years old, before the ï ¬â€šu season two winters ago. One percent developed conï ¬ rmed inï ¬â€šuenza, compared with 18 percent of the 532 children who received

Much Ado About Nothing Essay - 1110 Words

English Essay The Elizabethan Worldview and Much Ado About Nothing Audrey Hernandez The Elizabethan Era is one of the most fascinating periods in the History of the World. It is named after one of the greatest of the Queens of England - Queen Elizabeth I. It was the era of the very first Theatres in England - William Shakespeare and the globe Theatre and Christopher Marlowe! It also had a very different feel and look to it than we experience nowadays and this is shown in the marriage and wedding customs, recreation, social hierarchy, and how it is a patriarchal society. The Elizabethan worldview is strongly reflected in Shakespeare’s play ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ set in the 17th century in Messina, a port on the island of Sicily,†¦show more content†¦Then there were the Yeomen who owned and used agricultural land for their living. In ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ these people would be ‘The Watch’. After them are the servants, laborers, and peasants. Last there were the indigents, the poor people, and beggars. This is also reflected in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing’ in the way that the different classes speak.It was a very patriarchal society where women were taught that they were men’s inferiors. The Elizabethans had very clear outlooks of men and women, and in general men were expected to be the workers and women to be housewives and mothers. Women were regarded as the weaker sex, not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too. It was believed that women always needed someone to look after them. If they were married, their husband was expected to look after them. If they were single, then their father, brother or another male relative was expected to take care of them. They were not allowed to go to school or university nor could they inherit their father’s titles.Women who suffered most in this period were those like the Queen who did not wish to marry. Tudor society did not have many opportunities open to single women and, following the Reformation, those avenues were even less. Before, women were able to become nuns and look forward to a gratifying life in convents, and perhaps be a Mother Superior one day. But with the Reformation, the convents were closed. Wealthy single women could lookShow MoreRelated Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing585 Words   |  3 Pages Social Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing nbsp; In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare presents us with a romp through the realms of truth and illusion. The play is full of characters plotting and deceiving, for both noble and repugnant reasons. It is a study in the importance and necessity of illusion in our everyday lives, and shows how deeply ingrained deception is in our social behaviors. nbsp; Everybody is involved in some kind of illusion, from the masked celebration to the unveilingRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing is a play involving by deception, disloyalty, trickery, eavesdropping, and hearsay. The play contains numerous examples of schemes that are used to manipulate the thoughts of other characters; it is the major theme that resonates throughout the play. Ironically, it is one of these themes that bring serenity to the chaos that encompasses most of the play. amp;#9;The first example of deception we see is with the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.Read MoreComedy in Much Ado about Nothing Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Explore the importance of disguise and deception in Much Ado about Nothing. Are they merely effective plot devices? Much Ado about Nothing was written by William Shakespeare in 1598, towards the middle of his career and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Disguise and deception are used to great comic effect, as well as to drive the main and sub-plot forward. However, an attentive audience may notice how disguise and deception can also be seen to develop characters and relationships, and showRead More Analysis of Much Ado About Nothing Essay3681 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing illustrates a kind of deliberately puzzling title that seems to have been popular in the late 1590s (ex quot;As You Like Itquot;). Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire This essay will analyse the way in which Shakespeare makes this comedy bitterly satirical, and a comment on not only the pretentious style and swank of Spaniards, namely Don Pedro and his gang, but human stupidity as a whole. Much Ado About Nothing portrays the issues of sex, war, marriage and chivalric courtly love in an ironic and satirical way. On a topical level, the play satirises Spanish, Sicilian andRead MoreKenneth Branaghs Much Ado About Nothing Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe scene opens in the beautiful hills of Tuscany, Italy. Lying about on the slopes of grass are the humble townsfolk basking in the sunshine as a soft voice introduces; â€Å"Sigh no more ladies, sigh no more.† This dreamlike setting is the opening scene of the major motion picture Much Ado About Nothing as envisioned by film director Kenneth Branagh. A far cry from its Shakespearean origins, Branagh’s Much Ado has a look and feel all of its own. This film seeks to capture its audience with visual majestyRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: An Exploration of Conformity925 Words   |  4 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing as an Exploration of Conformity       In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, Beatrice and Benedict rant about marriage for most of the beginning of the play, while Claudio raves about how wonderful it will be being married to Hero.   Yet in the end, Claudio exchanges his marriage to Hero for an opportunity to bash her in public, while Beatrice and Benedick marry despite that they were mortal enemies for most of the first three acts.   How did the situation swing aroundRead More Problematic Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesQuestioning Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing       Much Ado About Nothing raises many important issues concerning the institution of marriage. Perhaps Shakespeares purpose in writing this play was to question the existing approach to relationships and marriage. Shakespeare reveals the faults of the process through the characters of Hero and Claudio and also Heros father, Leonato. Shakespeare also may be suggesting an alternative approach to marriage and relationships through the charactersRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Effective Use of the Foil1025 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Use of the Foil in   Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, the famous British poet William Blake wrote that without contraries there is no progression - Attraction and repulsion, reason and imagination, and love and hate are all necessary for human existence (Blake 122).   As Blake noted, the world is full of opposites.   But, more importantly, these opposites allow the people of the world to see themselves and their thoughts more clearly.   For, as BlakeRead MoreEssay on Inconstancy in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing 1099 Words   |  5 PagesInconstancy in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) explains inconstancy as the recurrent and generally unexpected or impulsive change from one condition to another. It is the state or quality of being inconstant and unfaithful by virtue of being undependable or deceitful. Set in Messina, Sicily, Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is a very popular play generally viewed as one of his happiest comedies and is often performed in theatres. However, the playfulness

Business Management for Event Industries †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Management for Event Industries. Answer: Business event industries primarily organize conference for gathering people together in quest of gaining new thoughts and ideas. Three types of people from different sectors primarily focus on attending such kinds of event. They include people corporate sector, association and government sectors. The responsibility of event management companies is to select a secured place so that delegates do not feel insecure in attending the conference (Zhang, Leung and Qu 2007). Large number of workshops, plenary sessions and executions are organized for enhancing the knowledge and experience of people. As per the various patterns conference is constituted with three major types including small, medium and large. Small conference is arranged in a hall by involving a limited number of people. This particular event has already gained an image and reputation for its systematic operation process. The entire event has focused to involve total 200 delegates associated with the various industries. Befo re conducting the conference some of the eminent scholars belonging to different industries are invited for sharing their experience and views. The entire event is conducted for two days. Total 10 exhibitors are intimately associated with the entire operation process (Thomson Schlenker and Schulenkorf 2013). While conducting the conference a proper and systematic management team is there for controlling the overall process. The primary responsibility of that management team is communicating with every single delegate and knowing their difficulties at the conference. In order to treat 200 delegates a small conference room is enough for treating every single delegate with proper care and affection. The primary objective of conducting a small conference is to provide a professional knowledge and guidance regarding the importance of social networking activities for the human being (Saayman 2012). In many cases, it has been observed that people tend to lose their hopes and desires for leading a peaceful life due to continuous upheavals they have to face on their journey. Attending a conference can give innumerable knowledge and experience on how to develop creative and intuitive skill by attending a conference. Operation managers have to play major responsibility while arranging the entire event for two days. People like to stay away from monotonous livelihood in this specific season. The operation managers while conducting the entire event have taken care of some of the most relevant factors (Del ChIAPPA 2012). Delegates are from different cultural as well as religious backgrounds. The primary purpose of the operation managers is to treat every single employee with equal respect and dignity. The personnel associated with events and operation process should keep maintaining interior and decorum as the choice of target customers. The product managers should give food as well as tea facilities and benefits given. The managers should give equal priority and response to all the delegates who will participate in the event (Atkins and Moyer 2013). In addition, people belonging to different geographical boundaries like to attend the event. The operation managers should maintain effective communica tion with every single associate properly in order to know their problems and difficulties. After the end of the event, every single delegate should be dropped at their convenient place (Jaeger and Mykletun 2013). The entire transport facilities are very much effective so that not a single person has to face difficulties in communicating with the exhibitors properly. In order to break the monotony of events, the organizers have hired some professionals for having a good performance (Rieke et al. 2012). This particular performance has enhanced the rhythmic flow of entire conference. People belonging to different geographical areas are allowed to attend the event. Operation managers as well as the entire service crew are flexible enough in dealing with every single person associated with the event. The crew associated with operations can arrange a medium size of the conference by involving around 1500 delegates. The persons who are invited to this specific program include the persons from corporate, government and various non-profit organizational sectors (Rojek 2014). Total 50 exhibitors participate in the overall conference in order to arrange the entire event systematically. The primary purpose of organizing this specific event is to make the people aware of the values and importance of social networking sites in the present era of advanced technology. The eminent delegates are present their own experience and knowledge on how they get facilities and benefits from the social network activities (Saayman 2012). With the advancement of technology, people get the flexibility of having entire information regarding a particular matter by sitting at their own place. People do not have to face difficulties in dealing with the travel in gaining knowledge and information anywhere after the emergence of advanced technology (Thomson, Schlenker and Schulenkorf 2013). Therefore, social networking activities are having immense contributing for developing the society. In order to arrange a medium conference 50 exhibitors are hired for conducting the entire program. The primary purpose of those exhibitors is to keep a constant control over the entire procedure of event. The delegates are from different backgrounds. Therefore, the operation managers should have the capability to make an effective interaction with every single delegate (Lotem et al. 2013). Especially, the organizers are from different religious backgrounds. They may have to face difficulties in dealing with the delegates due to their linguistic barriers. However, maintaining effective communication with every single delegate is the primary responsibility of the operation executives. Medium conference is generally conducted for three days. The primary responsibility of operation managers is to take care of delegates for three consecutive days. By sharing necessary experience regarding the importance of the using social networks, the visitors can gain knowledge and experience (Wilkinson et al. 2015). On the other hand, the primary mission of conducting the event is to educate the people on how to use social networking sites along with the advantages and disadvantages (Bearzotti, Salomone and Chiotti 2012). The operation managers should make a constant update regarding the feedback of delegates on what kinds of difficulties they are facing at the conference hall. The medium size conference is endowed with eight concurrent sessions every day by involving 50 exhibitors. An effective plenary session includes that all the delegates needs to attend in theatre set up for listening to a key-note speaker. In addition, after conducting the event, the operation managers shou ld take the responsibility of dropping the delegates to the proper destination (Tanford, Montgomery and Nelson 2012). The managers should take a constant feedback on how the delegates have enjoyed the entire event. If any kind of negative response has been received from the viewer, the operation managers should rectify that mistake next time (Yeoman et al. 2012). Therefore, feedback is highly needed in rectifying the mistakes of conference exhibitors. As per the response collected from delegates, the next event can be organized. A medium size conference is similar to small events actually where the physical equipments like chair, table, decoration is equally relevant. The quantity of food and beverage option should be expanded. The space of the floor and the number of rooms should be larger than small conference. A major international conference for 5 days can be arranged regarding plenary and concurrent sessions by involving around 5000 delegates. The primary purpose of attending this international conference is to convey the message to the international viewers about the effectiveness of social networking activities. Viewers from different geographical backgrounds and attitudes like to attend this event (Verbeke 2015). The operation crews like to involve around 5000 delegates for participating in the international event. The primary purpose of the managers is to keep a constant care on the overall performance of the executives and the entire crew. In order to take care of 5000 delegates, the service providers should take a big conference hall so that around 5000 employees can be accommodated. People belonging to different geographical sectors tend to attend the event. The primary objective of arranging this event is to evaluate the importance of social networking sites on the overall enhancement of a business industry as well as of an individual. In order to attend an international conference, the delegates are from different geographical and cultural backgrounds (Masterman 2014). The personnel associated with operation process have to face immense difficulties in communicating with the delegates; in this kind of situation the primary responsibility of the operation managers is to render flexibility on the language and facial expression. As a result, people belonging to different cultural attitudes do not get hesitated in communicating with a particular individual properly. The communicators should make an active interaction with the delegates so that they become flexible in sharing their views. While conducting an international event, the organizers focus on destination management company (DMCs). The primary responsibility of DMCs is to coordinate with transport and visa as well as accommodation. The people who attend events are from different psychological backgrounds. At the time of conveying a particular message, the delegates intend to express their point of views from various perspectives (Silvers 2012). This kind of situation renders an innumerable debate at the conference hall. The primary responsibility of operation managers is to conduct the program peacefully so that the visitors do not have to face enough chaos and unhealthy situation. The entire conference is conducted for five days. Before arranging international events the organizers should make an effective communication with the organizations of tourism sectors in order to host the international guests. In every single day the delegates should get the entire facility of transportation (Jaeger and Mykletun 20 13). The foods and products should be arranged in such a way that people belonging to different culture and religious backgrounds can enjoy their food facilities. The primary purpose of arranging an international event is not to convey the message internally but to express the point of view in the global market. Therefore, people belonging to the different region can get an in-depth knowledge and experience about the importance and value of social networking sites (Rogers 2013). In a word, business event industry by conducting conference of different levels tends to allow participants in collaborating their thoughts, ideas and views from different perspectives. In order to make an event successful the operational requirement is highly significant. Otherwise the organizers fail to arrange the entire event peacefully as well as systematically. References: Atkins, M.G. and Moyer, D.S., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013.Facilitating event management and analysis within a communications environment. U.S. Patent 8,347,143. Del ChIAPPA, G., 2012. How do meet organizers choose convention sites based on different types of meetings? An empirical analysis of the Italian meetings industry.Event Management,16(2), pp.157-170. Jaeger, K. and Mykletun, R.J., 2013. Festivals, identities, and belonging.Event Management,17(3), pp.213-226. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. Rieke, R., Coppolino, L., Hutchison, A., Prieto, E. and Gaber, C., 2012, October. Security and Reliability Requirements for Advanced Security Event Management. InMMM-ACNS(pp. 171-180). Rogers, T 2013, Conferences and conventions: a global industry, 3rd edn., Routledge, New York. Rojek, C., 2014. Global event management: A critique.Leisure Studies,33(1), pp.32-47. Saayman, M. ed., 2012.Introduction to Sports Tourism and Event Management, An. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. Silvers, JR 2012, Professional event coordination, 2nd edn., Vol. 62, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Tanford, S, Montgomery, R Nelson, KB 2012, 'Factors that influence attendance, satisfaction, and loyalty for conventions', Journal of Convention Event Tourism, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 290-318. Thomson, A., Schlenker, K. and Schulenkorf, N., 2013. Conceptualizing sport event legacy.Event Management,17(2), pp.111-122. Verbeke, J 2015, 'Four layers for designing conferences as learning environments: space, time, communities of practice and trust', Constructivist Foundations, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 115-8. Wilkinson, SE, Basto, MY, Perovic, G, Lawrentschuk, N Murphy, DG 2015, 'The social media revolution is changing the conference experience: analytics and trends from eight international meetings', BJU International, vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 839-46. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge. Zhang, HQ, Leung, V Qu, H 2007, 'A refined model of factors affecting convention participation decision-making', Tourism Management, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1123-7.

Budwieser Essay Example For Students

Budwieser Essay Executive SummaryAnheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximizeshareholder value and increase efficiency. Through their extremely effective marketing strategies A-B has gained control of over 47% of the global market share. In the process of doing this, Anheuser-Busch has become one of the most recognizable trademarks. This is not without its faults though. Anheuser-Buschs aggressive advertising campaign has targeted more than who they bargained for. Through A-Bs catchy advertisements, they have attracted customers other than the 21+ age group, and recreational drinkers. It is the opinion of many researchers that Anheuser-Busch is negligent in their advertising, and insists that changes need to be made. Through proper regulation of their advertising, consumers would be allowed to make choices free of media persuasion. Situation AnalysisEnvironment:CooperativeAnheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximize shareholder value and increase efficiency. As noted in the Annual Report for 1999, Anheuser-Busch remains focused on three major objectives to enhance shareholder value:#61553; Increasing per barrel profitability which, when combined with continued market share growth, will provide solid long-term earnings per share growth. #61553; Profitable expansion of international beer operations by building the Budweiser brand worldwide and making selected investments in leading brewers in key international beer growth markets. The company has made significant marketing investments to build Budweiser brand recognition outside the United States and operates overseas breweries in China and the United Kingdom. The company also has a significant equity position in Grupo Modelo, Mexicos largest brewer and producer of the Corona brand. ;#61553; Continued support of profit growth in packaging and entertainment operations. Packaging operations provide significant efficiencies, cost savings and quality assurance for domestic beer operations, while entertainment operations enhance the companys corporate image by showcasing its heritage, values and commitment to quality and social responsibility to 19 million visitors annually as well as adding their profit contribution. The companys strong commitment to achieve these objectives benefits all firms and individuals that maintain a vested interest in their corporation. CompetitiveWith an estimated 47.5% of the total market share for 1999, Anheuser-Busch continues to widen the gap separating them from their nearest competitors. Budweiser and Bud Light are the No.1 and No. 2 best-selling beers in the world. Miller, their closest rival maintains 22.1% of the market share. The following chart illustrates market share in 1999 for the nations leading breweries. 1999 Market Share(Estimated)In 1999, they achieved record sales and earnings, selling over 100 million barrels of beer worldwide for the first time in history. August A. Busch III, Chairman of the Board and President, says his company owes its success to, The combination of outstanding domestic beer industry fundamentals, the highest quality and freshest beer in the industry and exceptional marketing and sales execution. According to Fortune Magazine, the company applies venerable marketing techniques more vigorously and imaginatively than the competition. The companys most important technique is target marketing. Anheuser-Busch sponsors events and runs advertising specifically aimed at all sorts of consumers: blacks, whites, blue-collar workers, computer-buffs, and sports fans. Sports fans make up a large, diverse population. The company has strategically positioned themselves to promote to this target audience, with 70% of their advertising dollars going towards sports programming. They have exclusive deals with 21 of 24 major league baseball teams, 21 of 28 National Football League franchises, 300 college sports teams, and most professional basketball, hockey, and soccer teams. Anheuser-Busch has been very effective in maintaining a competitive advantage over its fellow rivals. EconomicThe primary economic issue affecting this companys environment is taxation. The company is significantly impacted by federal, state and local taxes, including beer excise taxes. Beer excise taxes are a sin tax, which raise revenue for the government. The national median is 18 cents per gall on of beer (St Louis Post, 98). An increase in taxes effects costs to the company, hence, costs to the wholesalers and consumers. According to the Annual Report for 1999, taxes applicable to 1999 operations (not including the many indirect taxes included in materials and services purchased) totaled $3.0 billion an increase of $114 million, or 3.9%, vs. 1998 total taxes of $ billion. Taxes in 1998 increased 8.1%. The increases in taxes in 1999 and 1998 are primarily due to higher excise taxes on increased beer volume. The economic constraints beer excise taxes impose considerably affect the companys overall performance. Social The social environment plays a key role in how Anheuser-Busch effectively markets their product to its consumers. For apparent reasons, such as, alcohol abuse, underage drinking, and drunk driving, not everyone is in favor of promoting alcoholic beverages. Many individuals and organizations lobby against the brewing industry and have a strong voice in the political arena. MADD, (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) is well known for its prominent position in the fight to end alcohol abuse. There has been much controversy on how Anheuser-Busch chooses to advertise its beer products. Over the years, some of their most successful advertising campaigns have been targeted for promoting underage drinking. Listed below are article summaries related to this controversial issue. #61553; Controversy: Frothing Anti-drink Forces Set Out to Nip Spuds in the Bud (People, 10/26/87) MADD member, spots stuffed Spuds MacKenzie doll in toy store. MADD claims Anheuser-Busch is promoting alcohol to minors. Anheuser-Busch, places blame on merchandising pirates and claims Spuds items are not intended to be sold to people under 21. #61553; TV Ads vs. Alcohol Abuse Drive: Uneven Contest (St. Louis Dispatch, 1/30/93) Sue Giles, division director of Missouri states division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, says the brewing industry will spend more money to promote drinking in three minutes of Super Bowl commercials than Missouri will spend in one year to prevent alcohol abuse. ;#61553; Anheuser-Busch Shareholders Want Teen Drinking Advertising Study (Gannett News Service, 4/25/95) The Dominican Sisters of Adrian, Michigan, who number about 200 shareholders, argue that A-Bs beer advertising appeals to those under 21. They attend annual shareholder meeting to suggest study be conducted on current advertising strategies. #61553; Trouble Brewing Bud Frogs Appeal to Children New Study Says (St. Louis Dispatch, 4/25/96) The Center on Alcohol Advertising, based in Berkeley, California, conducted a study which indicated children from ages 9 to 11 were more likely to recognize Budweisers television frogs than Kelloggs Tony the Tiger, The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers or Smokey the Bear. #61553; Commentary: Do Budweiser Frogs Give Young People a Bad Idea? (Gannett News Service, 9/20/96) MADD believes the Budweiser frog ads clearly appeal to United States youth and believe the frog commercials should be banned from television. #61553; MADD Blasts Beer Company: Group Pushes Teen Drinking as Campaign Issue; Budweiser Defends Ads (The Dallas Morning News, 9/14/96) MADD says Buds animated bullfrogs are the Joe Camel of beer ads. Anheuser-Busch hosts news conference, spokeswoman, Francine I. Katz, states We are not helped by the abuse of our product. We are strong and out there with a voice that says we want our product consumed safely and by adults.;#61553; Anheuser-Busch Super Bowl Ad Encourages Parents to Talk to Teens to Prevent Illegal Drinking (Business Wire, 1/25/99) Anheuser-Busch Super Bowl Ad encourages parents to talk to teens to prevent illegal drinking. It is evident; alcohol advertising is subject to serious debate. These issues may place constraints on marketing activities and must be taken into consideration. In contrast, this company owes its success to its products popularity. A large majority of the adult population enjoys alcoholic beverages, drinks responsibly and is strongly in favor of promoting alcoholic beverages. Anheuser-Busch must be prepared to effectively handle the social controversy, which arises with the sale of their product. PoliticalThe political environment is very influential on the brewing industry. Often, social issues affect the political realm, consequently, placing more restrictions on the sales or consumption of alcohol. For instance, MADD seeks support from politicians during election time. Political leaders may then fight to increase alcohol taxes, as well as, place more restrictions on the marketing and consumption of alcohol. In 1993, Senator Paul Simon, of Illinois, introduced legislation that would require all liquor advertising to carry a Surgeon Generals warning. Also, due to the serious problems of drunk driving, efforts were made by state and federal officials to lower the blood-alcohol limit to .08 for offenders. Political influence impacts how the brewing industry handles its operations. Anheuser-Busch must respond accordingly to these political issues. They stress their opposition to alcohol abuse, underage drinking and drunk driving. With community programs across the United States , they lead the industry in the promotion of alcohol awareness and education. LegalThe legal environment in the brewing industry is often affected by social and political attitudes directed at constraining business practices. There has been much controversy over the advertising of alcohol products through various forms of media. For instance, Anheuser-Busch and Miller Brewing Co., ceased advertising on the MTV network after the FTC launched an investigation into the airing of beer commercials to an audience consisting of mostly underage viewers. The White House has requested the FCC investigate possible restrictions on liquor advertising on TV. Although, there are no federal regulations that apply to alcohol advertising, local governments have placed restrictions on alcohol advertising. Alcohol ads were recently banned from billboards in Baltimore, and other cities are planning similar actions (Journal of Advertising, 1998). These legal restrictions impact on Anheuser-Busch markets its product. Impact on wide area network EssayThe report also presents data on brand awareness and preference, attitudes toward drinking, and responses to selected advertisements (Atkin 93). The findings are based on survey and experimental research with a sample of 1,227 people of diverse backgrounds from different regions of the country conducted in 1992-93. Strategic Alternatives for Solving ProblemDescription of Strategic Alternative OneIt is clear that alcohol advertising has very serious detrimental effects on its target audience. While advertising is an integral part in every organizations ability to market its products, we need to be more conscious of the message that is being sent out to potential consumers of alcohol. While the current ads are very effective in marketing alcohol, they need to focus more on the product and less on the lifestyle. There also needs to be defined limits on how much advertising can be done, where it can be done, as well as what time the ads can be run, ultimately avoiding the underage and underprivileged audience. Also, there needs to be a clear message of drinking responsibly in every single ad that markets alcohol. For this to be done fairly and effectively, it should be the responsibility of a government body to impose these new regulations. That way the same rule would be applied to all alcohol brewing companies. In addition to regulating the advertising of alcohol, tax deductions allowed to businesses for advertising need to be taken away from producers of products that have the potential to harm its consumers. In a study based on data from the 75 top television markets in the U.S. from 1986 to 1989, Saffer argues that increased advertising leads to increased consumption which, in turn, results in increased motor vehicle deaths. He estimates that eliminating the tax deduction for alcohol advertising would reduce alcohol advertising by 15%, resulting in 1,300 fewer motor vehicle deaths per year. Benefits of Alternative One The obvious benefits of a controlled advertising campaign would be a more accurate targeting of the legal drinking market, a less distorted image of what the product will do for its consumer, and fewer alcohol related injuries and violence. Budweiser has been an innovator in the area of responsible advertising. While they are still not perfect, they have taken steps to encourage responsibility when drinking. Actions like those are what helped many believe that Budweiser is a responsible corporate citizen, in turn, making consumers feel better about buying Bud products. Costs of Alternative One The cost of regulated advertising will be a reduction in sales. To offset the loss in revenue, Anheuser-Busch could look into foreign markets, as well as creating new product lines that could compliment their current line but not contribute to its consumption. By looking at the big picture though, a more responsible advertising campaign would limit Buds liability in lawsuits and other litigation that would involve over-consumption. Description of Strategic Alternative TwoThe alternative to limiting advertising would be to eliminate alcohol-related advertising all together. In this case, the products could only be advertised directly where they are sold. Grocery stores would only have advertisements in the liquor department, sporting events would rely strictly on the mobile beer vendors, and other venues could only advertise in the actual beer garden. Benefits of Alternative Two Clearly, a reduction in consumption would be attributed to this type of, Out of site, out of mind campaign. Without the constant bombardment from advertisers, people might actually choose an alternative to consuming alcohol. Costs of Alternative TwoThe cost of eliminating advertising will be a reduction in sales. To offset the loss in revenue, Anheuser-Busch could look into foreign markets, as well as creating new product lines that could compliment their current line but not contribute to its consumption. Selection of Strategic Alternative and ImplementationStatement of Selected StrategyRegulated advertising would be the best strategy for all parties involved. Justification for Selection of StrategyWhile regulated advertising wouldnt reduce alcohol consumption the most, it would allow consumers make decisions without the usual bombardment associated with current alcohol advertising. Given the opportunity to make a clear decision, I believe consumers would make more appropriate decisions, as well as benefit from the message of drinking more responsibly. This would also be the most favorable strategy from Anheuser-Buschs point of view. Completely banning alcohol advertising would infringe on some of their basic rights. Description of Implementation of StrategyTo implement this strategy, it would take the support of a government agencies like the FTC, FDA, or FCC. It would be their responsibility to set guidelines for each company to abide by. They would then need to monitor those advertising activities to ensure complete compliance with the regulations. Works Cited1999 Annual Report, Anheuser-Busch CompaniesAnheuser-Busch Announces Record Sales and Earnings for the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 1999; Worldwide A-B Brand Shipments Exceed 100 Million Barrels. Business Wire, 2/2/2000. Online. Electric Library. Atkin, C.K., The Role of Alcohol Advertising in Excessive and Hazardous Drinking.Journal of Drug Education 1993, p.313-325Best, Kathleen. Simon Wants Warning on Liquor Ads. St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3/31/93, p. 15A. Online. Electric Library. Fox, RichardJ.;Krugman, Dean M.; Fletcher, James E.;Fischer, Paul M., Adolescents attention to beer and cigarette print ads and associated product warnings. Journal of Advertising, 9/22/98. vol. 27. p. 57. Online. Electric Library. Gerbner, G., Stories That Hurt. Journal for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990, p. 53-57Saffers, H., Alcohol Advertising and Motor Vehicle Fatalities. Review of Economics and Statisitics. 1993, p.431-442Sellers, Patricia. Selling: How Busch Wins in a Doggy Market. Fortune Magazine, 6/22/87, p. 99. Electric Library. Tax and Sin in Moderation. St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2/26/98. Electric Library.

World Literature gods and goddess Flashcard

World Literature gods and goddess

Hot Flashes or Heart Attack essays

Hot Flashes or Heart Attack essays Hot Flashes or Heart Attack? Heart Attack or Memory Loss? Menopause: it affects us all. Either we are the women going through it, or we are the husbands and family members dealing with the woman going through it. Common complaints about menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. So when Prempro was put on the market women all over the country rejoiced. After years of use there have been terrible side affects have been identified from this so-called wonder drug. Use of Prempro, or Estrogen/Progestin therapy has resulted in a 26% increase in breast cancer, 41% increase in strokes, 29% increase in heart attacks, doubled rates of blood clots in legs and lungs, 37% less colorectal cancer, 34% fewer hip fractures, and 24% less total fractures (prempro-side-effect.com/Prempro_Side_Effects.html). Dealing with the symptoms of menopause is hard enough, but learning the drug prescribed to treat the symptoms could kill you, is overwhelming. Doctors and researchers earn good money to help improve the standard of living for all of us. It is infuriating to think that drug companies are more driven by profits than by producing a safe product. More and more drugs are being recalled every year due to long-term side effects not discovered during the testing period. As a society we not only trust the medical field but we support it. The health care industry needs to accept the responsibility inherent in ensuring that our medications are as safe as possible. Prempro is composed of estrogen and progestin combined into one pill. It is primarily used in treatment of menopausal symptom relief. The estrogen component of Prempro is identical to that used in Premarin, another popular HRT* drug by Wyeth and the medroxyprogesterone (progestin) that is in Provera manufactured by Pharmacia (prepro-side-effects.com/Prempro_Data.html). Since the discovery of Prempros side effects Wyeth the dr...

The strengths and weakness of the legal system in Somerville District Essay

The strengths and weakness of the legal system in Somerville District Court MA - Essay Example The district court is very active and deals with various cases on a normal working day. The courthouse is located somewhere between the Ten Hills neighborhood and Assembly Square. The District Court has looks a bit old with a few paint chippings on the side, a steeple and surrounding it is a few evergreen bushes. The court creates an avenue where cases are first directed in Somerville and Medford. Observations and opinion of Somerville District Court A visit at the Somerville District Court revealed some relevant facts about the courthouse and its daily routine and services. There were various facts that portrayed the court on the positive side and others that were a disadvantage or weakness to the operations and service of the district court. In an effort in relaying favorable and just services to the civilians of Somerville and Medford, the courthouse has put in place various departments and equipment that will assist in offering dependable services. Some of these necessary adjustm ents were identified as follows. First, one would notice that the courthouse is equipped with assisted listening devices that are available for use by civilians that have a special interest in specific cases. A court officer who is assigned to these devices and a telephone number is available for anyone to contact them through their lawyer to request for the equipment in case they need to utilize the devices during a court hearing. The courthouse has a direct an assigned civil case liaison manager whose office number is available for the public and can be contacted any time within the court working hours. The court also has an assigned criminal case liaising officer whose office can be reached anytime during the working hours of the week. One other important part of the courthouse, in terms of the physical setting is the accessibility-handicapped persons to the courthouse. All flours are handicap accessible and any person who seeks to have more information about handicap access can contact the assigned probation officer. One other important practice at the court is the schedule. The Somerville District court has an outlined schedule that outlines daily activities and type of hearings. It also outlines each event that the courthouse attends to on a weekly basis and when an interested party is allowed to come. For example on Wednesday the court attends to civil remand trials and motions, on Thursdays from nine in the morning the court is set to hear small claims, and on Thursday and Friday starting at nine in the morning the court attends to juvenile sessions. On a personal opinion, the courthouse was well equipped and laid out for a district court. The availability of office telephone numbers and assigned officers also allows smooth running of the courthouse. Accessibility is a key feature in a courthouse since it serves various people who have complications or needs that need assistance, hence the need for a handicap accessible courtroom. This also includes th e need to have the equipment required for assisted hearing. This a great improvement and advantageous to the court as they play a major role where the parties involved have specific hearing and communication difficulties. The courthouse also has its set of disadvantages that may cause poor service delivery at the courthouse. These setbacks include the following. To start with, Somerville District Courthouse does not have a childcare department. As a district court

Sysco BI Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sysco BI - Case Study Example At Sysco, the main problem that might arise after the implementation of business intelligence is that the information that is provided is too small of what is actually required by the firm in order to function. Moreover at many times, the user may not at all be requiring the past data as the market is volatile and is subjected to frequent changes. The obstacle can be that Sysco will require more number of users for implementation and there are huge license fees for the set up of the software. Moreover the other difficulty that it will face is that a number of the companies already have small scale intelligence application and Sysco had decentralized IT structure which if the companies try to uninstall would be very time consuming and costly. It will therefore muddle the already existing commercial setting. Why did Sysco decide initially to address only two questions with its new BI software rather than use it as a more general analysis tool? Why did Business Objects recommend this approach? What are the tradeoffs? Answer: Initially only two questions were taken into consideration as both the questions were quite predictive and forward looking. It is also to be noted that one question deals with the products that is to be delivered to the customer and the other question deals with the customers. The answer provided to the question covers all the important aspects like competitors, customer satisfaction, customer services, customer profile that is the key to success for any firm. Moreover it is felt that initially during the implementation phase the company should focus only on the software, users and the training on answering the questions. The answer to the question was good enough to serve the customer in the better way and also it proved how good ‘Business Object’ can be at delivering the best product to Sysco. The various capabilities of Business Intelligence are Dashboards, Extraction, Data mining, Ad hoc querying and reporting,

Controlling and Harmonising Brand Identity, Image, and Personality of Essay

Controlling and Harmonising Brand Identity, Image, and Personality of Apple 03041 - Essay Example Brand identity helps a company to bring out its individualism and for this reason; management and employees help to bring out the real brand image. The Apple Brand competes across the markets, while evolving and expanding its range of products and services. Aaker and Kaprer’s Brand identities Models are popular in the business world, and apple successfully continues their application as discussed below. Brand identity and brand personality remain contentious issues hence the need for Apple Brand to introduce new and effective branding strategies in this competitive market. As Viot (2011) reveals, a brand is the presentation of the product that goes far beyond its intrinsic characteristics. It provokes emotional feeling and attraction when the target clients sites such a product. Brand identity involves the visible elements of a brand including design, colours, name, logo, and symbol, which together identify while distinguishing the product in the client’s mind (Ghodeswar 2008). Identification of the brand roots on the brand produce, the individual, the corporation, or the symbol. There are diverse advantages that comes along with brand identity. Differentiation of the products heightens the products identification to the consumers (Chaudhuri & Holbrook 2001). Furthermore, the target users will have an informed opinion about the product, hence an already created product preference. Eventually, there is creation of value perception to the product users (Madhavaram et al. 2005). Most primarily, brand identity leads to the formation of intellectual property, an element that escalates the product value hence the firm has the mandate to controlling the value of purchase and utilization (Janonis et al. 2007). There are different models of identification including Aaker’s and Kapferer’s Brand identity Model. When it comes to strategic analysis of any company,

Producing Electricity From Wave Energy Engineering Essay

Producing Electricity From Wave Energy Engineering Essay When we hear the word, renewable energy the first things which come to mind are solar panels, wind turbines, hydroelectric power and some might even consider waste incineration as a way of producing energy. Albeit being an island, few of us stop and ponder on the huge energy potential that there is in the waters surrounding our island. Wave energy is slowly being made use of round Europe, particularly in countries facing the Atlantic. Malta falls in the medium range of wave heights which gives the possibility to use small wave energy generators which can generate a considerable amount of energy. Through this project our aim is to create a device which harnesses wave energy and converts it into electrical energy. The design must be cost effective, with no or limited contribution to visual pollution and most importantly efficient. Through this project we hope that we not only succeed in creating a design which works but also come up with a design that has a potential to be improved further in order to be utilized as a way of producing electrical energy in the Maltese Islands. After initially, deciding on what we aim to do, our first step was to analyse wave shape, wave patterns and wave heights round the Maltese Islands. As part of our initial steps, we looked into current models of wave energy generators in order to get a clear picture to what is already found globally. The final design which we came up with was what we codenamed Sea Saw the name itself expresses the advantage of the design. The design swings on the waves and as it swings electricity is produced. As part of our project, we also carried out a survey with the aim of analyzing the public awareness and perception on wave energy. Another part of the project was interviews with Jamie Taylor, in order to get to know more about wave energy in Europe. Being constantly reminded that traditional methods of energy production are contributing to serious environmental problems, governments round the world are seeking new ways of generating electricity. Malta is no exception. By 2020, at least 20% of Maltas energy production has to come from renewable sources. As a response to the urgent need for pollution-free power generation, the energy sector was forced through a renovating process, which sees its opening towards renewable energy. One of the new emerging industries in the renewable energy industry is the wave energy industry. Although the technology is relatively new and currently not economically competitive with older technologies such as wind energy, the interest from governments and industry is steadily increasing. An important feature of sea waves is their high energy density, which is the highest among the renewable energy sources. The idea of converting the energy of ocean surface waves into useful energy forms is not new. There are techniques that were first patented as early as 1799 by Girard Son in France. Potential Energy of a Wave Consider a typical ocean wave, wavelength 200m, wave height 1. The wave is 10 ms-1. The water particles move up and down as in a typical wave but they also move sideways. These two motions combine to give a circular motion. The water particles have both kinetic energy and gravitational energy. Both can be captured by suitable devices. A rough calculation of the wave energy can be found by assuming a square wave as shown: The square wave has wavelength 200m and amplitude 1m. The wave front is assumed to be 1m wide. The crest of the wave is above the normal level while the trough is below. The centre of gravity moved by the water as it goes from crest to trough, is 1m. The volume of water, moved is the volume of the crest. F is found using the equation c = fÃŽÂ », f = c/ÃŽÂ » = 10/200 = 0.05 hZ Power = Energy x Frequency = 106 x 0.05 = 5 x 104 Watts For a sinusoidal wave, the power is about half as much as that of a square wave. Hence, the power of a sinusoidal wave is equal 25 x 103 W. Besides, potential energy, a wave also has kinetic energy. This should be equal to the kinetic energy according to the theory of simple harmonic motion. Therefore, total power, KE + PE = 5 x 104 Watts. In practice, the actual power generated will be smaller due to energy losses and inefficiencies of the whole system. How do wave energy devices work? Wave energy occurs in the movement of water near the surface of the sea. A wave is formed when the wind, effectively drags at the water as it blows across. As the wind becomes stronger and the distance over which it blows increases, the more energy the waves have. As waves approach the coast, they begin to lose energy through friction with the seabed and eventually break on the shore. Thus the greater amount of energy is found in waves in the deeper well-exposed waters offshore. All the different types of energy devices, take energy out of the motion of the water near the surface by converting the action of the waves into movements that power generators to produce electricity. Maltas Potential to harness wave energy Being an island, we are an entirely surrounded by sea. Statistical data from WERMED Malta shows that Malta is well positioned to make use of the energy stored in waves, which are on average of medium height to produce electrical energy. Figure 1: Average Significant Wave Height and Wave Direction (Source: WERMED Malta) Design Development After initially deciding on the theme of the project, a process of designing the final wave generator was undergone. We listed the properties that the final design should have. Then we started designing designs which included the following: Figure 2: Requirements of the Wave Generator In all four different designs were taken into consideration. Each design was evaluated and its pros and cons were listed. Through this process, our aim was to come up with the best possible design which is not only viable but also efficient. Design number 1 The first design was inspired by the shake torch mechanism which incorporates a magnet passing through a coil and as it passes it generates an electric current. As the float bobs on water (when there are waves), the magnet moves through the tube, passes through the coil and generates an electric current. The tube is connected to a capacitor which stores the current. This design was ruled out, since it is not adequate for large scale energy generators. Figure 3: Design 1 Design number 2 The wave generator is flexible such that it moulds itself on the wave. At any point in time, one of the three barrel like floats is found at the trough and the other two barrel like floats are found at crest. At the same time, weights in the side arms hit piezo plates which convert mechanical stress into electrical energy and a magnet moves through the coil in order to produce electricity by electromagnetic induction. The design is anchored from only one cylinder to allow free rotation to face current wave direction. The rotation is aided by triangle shaped structures attached to the barrel like floats. The two outside barrels would be modified so they will have both weight and buoyancy. The center barrel will be modified so the total weight of the center barrel is twice that of one of the outside barrels. This design was ruled out after analyzing each aspect of the design. The energy production tube associated to piezo was deemed highly inefficient because piezo disks, only produce millivolts and thus not suitable to produce energy in large scale projects. The energy production system associated to gearbox system was deemed inefficient because there would be huge energy loss associated, to turning the gear wheels. On the other hand, we saw that there was potential in energy production using electromagnetic induction, thus we based our project on this form of energy production. Figure 4: Design Nos. 2 Design number 3 Figure 5: Design Nos. 3 This design consisted of a tube, with coil wound around and a magnet rolling inside. As the magnet rolled, through the coil, electricity is produced. Waves cause, the tube to shift to one side and the magnet consequently gains more speed as it moves towards the end of the tube. This design was ruled out because as the magnet shifts to the end of the tube and hits the other side, energy is lost as it hits the end of the tube. Thus, the design is considered inefficient due to significant energy losses. In designing, the final design a design which incorporates continuous motion was planned. Design number 4 The wave generator is a long, narrow box pivoted and anchored in the middle so that, as one end goes up, the other goes down. One end goes on the wave crest and the other goes down with the trough of the wave. When one end, goes up the fluid inside the tube goes down and turns the turbine which is connected to the coil. As soon as it reaches the end of the tube, the flap closes and forces the fluid to flow backwards and the fluid takes the path along the other side. As it flows downwards, it turns the other turbine, which is connected to the magnets. The turbine and magnets turn in the opposite direction, generating electricity by electromagnetic induction. Figure 6: Design Nos. 4 Building the model Materials and Apparatus Voltmeter Wires Plastic Casing Copper Wire Coil 2 Magnets Perspex Boxes Bushes Oscilloscope Water In practice, the Sea Saw should be half wavelength based on average values, so that one end rests on a crest and the other end rests on a trough. Its axis should be parallel to the motion of the wave, it is perpendicular to the wave front. Anchor Seabed It should be anchored from the centre, to the sea bed. The anchor should be flexible so that it can adjust itself to water height/level. Preliminary Testing Test 1 Testing Generator String was wound around the magnets shaft. It was spun by pulling the string. Voltage was checked on an AC Voltmeter. Average reading was About 2.3 Volts. The same reading was obtained on an oscilloscope. Peak was 2 cm, cycle was 8 cm long. Settings were 2 volts per cm. Time base was 10 ms per cm. These correspond to a peak voltage of 4 volts. RMS (Root Mean Square Voltage) was 2.8. Periodic Time was 80 ms. Frequency was 12.5 Hz. Theoretical voltage was calculated as follows: Emf generated by each length of the coil when cutting the field lines is given by Where B = Magnetic Flux Density = 0.04 T l = Diameter of Magnet 4.5 cm = 0.045m v = Average velocity To find Average Velocity: R = Average Radius of coil 5 cm = 0.05m F = Frequency of Rotation 12.5 Hz (obtained from oscilloscope) At any time the coil is cutting the magnets at 4 different points. The coil had 70 turns. Total Peak Voltage = 5 Volts This agrees with the value obtained from the oscilloscope. Test 2 Gates In the initial design, the gates were 20 cm high (Bottom to hinge). These started to hit the sides of the tank and did not open properly. They were lowered to 13 cm. Weights in the form of heavy nuts were attached to them using silicon sealer, in order to reduce the gates buoyancy since they are made of Perspex. The tank was filled with water. Wave movement was simulated by rocking the tank manually. Figure Gates did not open properly and there was leakage of water. Water did not flow the complete circuit but started to flow backwards. Water did not have enough space to flow to at the ends. The design was emended by extending the tank incorporating a circular pathway. Friction at the bearings tended to make the magnet disc and coil to rotate in the same direction. This was due to the common shaft on which they were turning. The common shaft was used in order to stabilize the system. On a larger model, the use of common shaft can be avoided. Backward movement was stopped by inserting a ratchet with each water turbine. Hinge moves in the direction of the pedal but not backwards. Further Testing Performance with depth of water Depth of water Speed of Pedals/ Rev min-1 Performance with different wave frequency Wave Frequency Speed of Pedals/ Rev min-1 Improvements Use turbines instead of water mill. Smaller gates so that they open more effectively. Larger and longer Perspex box. Instead of water, use a denser fluid such as mercury. Water mills must have less flaps so that they do not reduce the flow of water. Survey The aim of the survey was to study peoples perception on wave energy and their knowledge. A copy of the survey which was distributed is found in the appendix. The majority of those who answered the survey ranked wave energy as the second best way of producing electricity in Malta using renewable energy sources. This is understandable since actually when seen in context wave energy is still in its early stages to be used as the main way of producing electricity thus it should be implemented together with other forms of renewable energy. There was a considerable majority who answered that they never heard of wave energy. Given that renewable energy has been on the agenda for the last five years and wave energy seem to know of it, it seems that the government and other authorities are not giving wave energy its due importance nor are they considering its potential at least in small levels. The lack of importance given to wave energy is also shown through the results obtained for question 4. The majority understand that wave energy has a potential but at the same time accept that further research should be carried out before it is implemented on a large scale. This was the general response both for question 5 and question 3. Question was largely misunderstood and the few survey respondents who understood the question correctly accepted that wave energy can have a negative environmental impact, which can be minimised by designing a wave generator which is more environmentally friendly and has a smaller visual impact. The survey results show that people are not well informed and this point must be taken into consideration in designing the fair stand. The aim of the fair stand should not be merely to inform the public on our project but also on wave energy as a whole including its advantages and its disadvantages.

How Community based schools work :: essays papers

How Community based schools work Community schools are partnerships between public and private organizations. The school becomes a hub for the community. These schools not only teach students but also provide access to services families needs. â€Å"It’s integration of academics and services leads to improved student learning, stronger families and healthier communities† (Blank, Heifets, Shah, & Nissani, 2004, p. 155). Community based schools use partnerships to build community consensus and carryout programs that would normally not be available to the community. For example, community schools provide a clothing closet, emergency food, counseling, and limited health care for families (Blank et al., 2004). In contrast, public schools work towards educating students, provide services such as school lunch programs, access to a school nurse and special education programs. To illustrate the differences between Community Based Schools and Public Schools, I will use St Paul, Minnesota and Harford County, Maryland as an example. Saint Paul, Minnesota currently has three community base schools. In 2001, the total student enrollment in St. Paul, Minnesota was 45,011 (The Minneapolis Foundation, 2005). The demographic break down is as follows. St. Paul, Minnesota is as follows: 901 American Indian/Alaskan Native, 13,953 Asian/Pacific Islander, 10,802 African American, 14,854 Caucasian, and 4,501 Hispanic. Note: the Minneapolis Foundation cited demographics as a percentage. These percentages were converted to whole numbers for comparison purpose. There were 40,200 pupils enrollment in Harford County public schools for 2004 (Maryland Report Card, Harford County 2004). The demographic breakdown in Harford County public schools is as follows: 215 American Indian/Alaskan Native, 925 Asian/Pacific Islander, 6,571 African American, 31,402 Caucasian and 1,087 Hispanic (Maryland Report Card, Harford County 2004). Note: since schools rarely give individual demographic numbers, county public school demographics were used. While the fiscal years are different, the student population is comparable in size. â€Å"The demographic population of community schools are much the same as public schools since community schools are enhanced public schools and do not turn any students away based on ability† (Official, Coalition for Community schools, personal communication, April 26, 2005). Community schools are funded in several ways. Many community schools receive grants from philanthropic organization such as Carnegie Corp., Charles Stewart Mott foundation, and Knowledge Works to name a few. Additional funding is provided by the Department of Education. On average, the department gives schools $250,000 in funds to support the No Child Left behind (NCLB) act.

Greek Tragedy Essay

Art and literature has existed throughout time to represent and express cultural values, ideals and perceptions. It often portrays the forces that push one’s particular culture onward, mentally stimulating and expanding individual mind and thought. In ancient Greek culture, Art and Literature is combined in a way that represented all of these things to its people. This combination is what we know as ancient Greek Theater, an art of drama and song, with the structure of â€Å"spoken portions interlaced with choral lyrics, all concerned with man’s fate. â€Å"1 Greek tragedy is credited to have developed around 534 B. C when the Greek Thespis created drama in which a main actor conversed with the leader of the chorus (this is where the term â€Å"thespian† originated, it has been used to describe an actor since the early 19th century). 2 Aeschylus, the first of the great 3 tragic poets, added a second actor to his plays and had a chorus of around 12. Sophocles, the second of the great poets, added the third actor and increased the chorus to 15 members. Sophocles is considered to model Greek tragedy, with Aeschylus marking the preparation and Eudripidies the decline. 3 These plays where preformed at Festivals in open-air theaters in which poets competed for prizes. It is widely accepted that these festivals where religious, and honored the Greek god Dionysius (God of Wine). All plays where developed around well-known ancient Greek myth, it was the Poets job to develop character and deepen plot. Each festival included 3 tragic poets to present a â€Å"tetrology. â€Å"(A group of 4 plays) which consisted of 3 tragedies and one satyr. 4 Each play would include anywhere from two to four actors, and an assembly of 12-15 choral members. It was each actor’s responsibility to display the plot through speech, however they where also responsible for singing solos. The chorus was an important tool in Greek tragedy as they commented on each scene and proposed subtleties to the audience, their song also heightened the emotion and atmosphere of the play. 5 Aristotle’s â€Å"Poetics† is considered the most valuable source of guidance for Greek tragedy. Aristotle defines tragedy as † a drama which concerned better than average people (hero’s, kings, gods) who suffer a transition from good fortune to bad fortune and who speak in an elevated language. † 6 It is also defined as † a literary composition written to be preformed by actors in which a central character, called the tragic protagonist or hero, suffers some serious misfortune which is significant in that the misfortune is logically connected with the hero’s actions. â€Å"7 The hero is often host to some â€Å"tragic flaw† (hermatia) for which he himself is responsible, and which leads to his eventual downfall. However, Aristotle describes this tragic flaw to lead to a mistake in which the Protagonist is not aware. The hero’s destruction is often due to his self-ignorance. It is important to understand what Aristotle believes is the purpose for Greek tragedy in order to completely understand some of its main aspects. In Aristotle’s opinion, one of the marks of great tragedy is its ability to create a Cartharsis, the act of purging the soul of â€Å"fear and pity. â€Å"8 Through creating a complex protagonist, a character who is seen as a great man, or â€Å"hero†, the audience in turn creates respect. Through this character’s tragic flaw, and ignorance to his actions, the audience is drawn and starts to pitty the hero. The audience imagines themselves in the hero’s situation, and although they know the outcome of the story (as all Greek tragedy is bases on well-known Greek myth) they suspensefuly await the hero’s reaction to his fate. So this â€Å"purging† allows the audience to shed excess fear, refreshing their conscience so that it can exist in a healthy balance. Aristotle theorized that â€Å"tragedy is rooted in the fundamental order of the universe. â€Å"9 Tragedy is a worse case scenario, which describes the possible effects of simple probability. It creates a â€Å"cause-and-effect chain† in which any individual can envision themselves as part of. We can now understand the importance of certain aspects of the tragic hero’s character and his responsibility to uphold the plot. â€Å"A hero, in the Greek sense, is a man who by his extraordinary career has pushed back the horizons of what is possible for humanity and is then deemed worthy of commendation after his death. â€Å"10 As we know, this hero is not flawless. However, it is important to realise that in what Aristotle values as good tragedy, these flaws often contribute to the very virtues which allow our protagonist to become a hero in the first place. In other words, tragic irony is implicated, and it is the same incidents and qualities of a man which catapult him to hero stature as those which drag him down. Tragedy is concerned with the fate of â€Å"big men. â€Å"11 Aristotle believed that Sophocles’, â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was the perfect tragedy. Why was Oedipus Rex in effect the perfect tragic hero? Oedipus was a great man and King of Thebes. He was self righteous, hasty and suspicious of his friends, but we also see that if it where not for these qualities Oedipus would not have continued with his inquiries. His heroic nature is magnified in his persistence for the truth despite the fact that it became quite obvious that gaining further knowledge would end in disaster and self-destruction. 12 Peripeteia is when a character produces â€Å"an effect opposite to that which he intended to produce. † 13Aristotle firmly believed that all good tragedy proposed some peripeteia within its plot. This is perfectly represented within â€Å"Oedipus Rex. † Oedipus promises his people that he will find the root of the plague that gripped his kingdom. In ancient Greek times, it was believed that illness and plague where signs from the gods that they where upset or a crime against their godly standards had been committed. So as any noble hero would do, Oedipus sets out on a quest for this knowledge. He soon discovers that the murder of Thebe’s prior king, Laius, is the root off his city’s pollution. He vows to discover the murderer, and sets the punishment of death or banishment to whomever was found guilty. This was his intention. We can also see again that Oedipus is a noble hero, as he is a king and he is willing to go to any ends for his people. These traits would have invoked feelings of respect in the minds of the audience. As Oedipus discovers more information, he draws nearer to the conclusion that it is possible that through self-blindness and ignorance, Oedipus himself is the likely murderer of Laius. Through this step in the play we see that again Oedipus carries the qualities of a tragic hero; his murdering of Laius was due to his self-arrogance and lack of knowledge that the man who he was killing was of high status. This murder was indeed due to Oedipus’s tragic flaw of Hubris (‘arrogant disregard for the rights of others’, or â€Å"overbearing pride or presumption† 14) but he was unaware of the consequences and the murder was quite spontaneous. Oedipus continues to search for the truth despite his possible self-guilt, as he states that he must be sure that he is indeed Leuis’s murderer. This, according to human standards, Oedipus not only behaved well in this situation, but he is known to have â€Å"asserted the dignity of manhood. † Alas, more investigation does lead to his definite guilt, and also leads to what is known as an â€Å"Agagnorisis,† or a † change from ignorance to knowledge. â€Å"15 Oedipus had not been born heir to the throne of Thebes. After learning of a prophecy that he would one-day murder his father and marry his mother, he ran away from his ‘parents’ to escape this fate. He had arrived in Thebes just after the time of Laius’s death. A sphinx was afflicting the city at the time, and he defeated it, there-for winning the admiration of the Thebans and stealing the heart of newly widowed queen, Jocasta. Their marriage was nearly instant, and they lived in happiness for some years and produced a number of children. So it was at this â€Å"agagnorisis† when Oedipus learnt that he had been adopted, and that Laius had been his father, and Jocasta his mother. They had discarded him apon a hill after hearing the very same prophocy, hoping they too could escape their fate. This unraveling of the plot is called the â€Å"lusis. â€Å"16 This is where the Peripeteia is for filled. Although Oedipus had always intended to catch and punish the murderer of Leius, he in no way intended that it would be himself who was responsible. This is also ironic in the sense that twice he had unknowingly set the path for his own destruction. Another form of Greek tragedy is the decision that the tragic hero must face once he has reached his agagnorisis. 17 Oedipus had a choice, to continue to live in sin with his mother/wife and perpetuate the slow destruction of Thebes, or to uphold the little dignity he had left, finally accept his fate and finalize the promises he made to his people. Oedipus chooses to do what any hero would do, accept responsibility for his actions and punish himself as he promised to do in the beginning of the play. The knowledge of his sin against his father and mother causes him to blind himself, as he could not bear to look upon the world any longer. This fact again adds irony to the story, as when Oedipus was able to see physically, he was still blind to his past and the consequences of his actions. Through his blinding, he was self-knowing, and he had for the first time accepted his fate. He left Thebes as a blind beggar. Although in some respects Oedipus is now seen as no longer a hero, the audience would have respected his final decisions, and in some way he had corrected his moral flaw through his self-punishment. We can now question the belief of fate and pre-determination. Greek tragedy did indeed deal with the role of the gods in mortal life and to the extend that mortals controlled their actions. Oedipus was responsible for his deeds, as it was by no accident that Laius died, and Oedipus did have a tragic flaw, which led to this murder. But we can also examine the fact that a prophecy existed which laid out the steps that Oedipus would take through out his life. If it where not for Oedipus’s knowledge of this prophecy, would he have ever left his home in Corinth, would he have ever murdered Laius, and married his mother? Or we can look even further into Oedipus’s past; if Jocasta and Leius had not known of this prophecy, they would never had abandoned Oedipus, and perhaps he would never had committed the sins which it seems he was destined to commit. So again we see a cause and effect chain, knowledge leading to ignorance, ignorance in turn leading to knowledge, blindness to sight, sight to blindness. It is also argued that it was the individual’s attempt to escape their fate which was the true crime against the gods. It is at this point we can see how the Cultural Revolution, known as ‘The Greek Enlightenment’, effected these drama’s. It was from this new atmosphere of questioning and individualism in which man started to question the meaning of life beyond the restraints of ‘God rules man. ‘ And not only did Greek tragedy come to question the gods, it also questioned what it meant to be human. 18 1 The Complete Plays of Sophocles. 2 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html 3 http://www. classics. cam. ac. uk/Faculty/tragedy. html 4 www.depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 5 15 Greek Plays 6 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 7 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 8 9 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 10 The Complete Plays of Sophocles. 11 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 12 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 13 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 12 American Heritage dictionary 15 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 16 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 17 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html 18 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html.

Creative Intelligence And Leadership Example

Creative Intelligence And Leadership Example Creative Intelligence And Leadership – Coursework Example Creative Intelligence and Leadership Baderman Island Resort. Successful people are ambitious and make significant discoveries through willing to take risks. I prefer situations where discovering new ideas and trying new approaches are encouraged. Being a manager of this prestigious resort, I aim at achieving results depending on being responsive and using my own ideas as well as those others. People see me as direct in my approach to innovation and disciplined on my course. Therefore, when I was introduced to this goal of making Baderman Island Resort a destination palace, I took it with confidence. It’s evident that people who make things happen introduce change. In this case, I see the future of Baderman being brighter than the stars. By changing the advertising strategy of this resort my aim is using social networks and both local and international newspapers.Through this means, we will achieve maximum publicity which in turn will produce maximum numbers of visits. Accompli shed organizations accomplish important goals by trying new approaches. Personally, I aim at making this resort the most organized in the world. Consequently, the organization of staff will enable quick response therefore leading to efficient services. It is important to note that people admire efficient services and therefore by taking advantage of that fact, we will attract a god number of customers.In conclusion, my final push will be breaking with tradition, I assume responsibility by allowing freedom of expression; this is because I believe in support from the members of staff and recognizing original ideas. Furthermore, i communicate best by giving instruction and also allowing corrections from my juniors. Therefore, by us working as a group we will surely accomplish the objections set by Baderman Island Resort.Work CitedMay, S., & Doubtfire, D. (2008). Creative writing (4th ed.). London: Teach Yourself.

How Important Is Vocabulary for the New SAT

How Important Is Vocabulary for the New SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying hundreds of fancy words from big lists has long been a mainstay of SAT prep. But with the redesigned SAT focusing on medium-level words in the context of passages, do you still need to drill yourself on little-used vocab words? Before you expend superfluous energy to bolster your cognizance of recondite terminology (or waste time learning lots of obscure words), read this guide to learn whatvocabulary you need for the new SAT. First, what changes are being made to the SAT in terms of vocabulary? Changes in the New 2016 SAT The first and most apparent change in the redesigned SAT is the elimination of sentence completion questions. Gone are the stand-alone sentences with one or two blanks asking you to "choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole." Instead, the new vocabulary questions are passage-based. They refer to a line within a passage and ask what a word or idiom meansin context.This is a big difference from sentence completion-style questions, so what does this change mean in terms of the skills being tested? With sentence completions, you pretty much had to know the straight definition of complex wordsin order to answer them correctly. The sentence indicated a definition, so you either had to know which word it was referring to or be able to eliminate the other four answer choices. You couldn't rely on too many context clues to figure it out. This is where your studying of SAT Word of the Day and vocabulary lists would kick in and help you fill in the blanks. With the new passage-based questions, you're asked to interpret the meaning of a medium-level word in context. The word may be familiar to you, but it can have different meanings or connotations depending on how it's used. On these types of questions, all of the answers may be correct as definitions of the term being considered. Only one answer choice, though, will be correct for the term as it's being used in that particular context. As you can tell, this is a big departure from sentence completions. It calls upon different skills and a different approach to studying vocabulary. Before discussing how you can adjust your test prep, let's look at a couple examples that illustrate these changes. Does all this change make cents? Old SAT Vocabulary Questions The old SAT had 19 sentence completion questions which tested traditional SAT vocabulary terms. The following is a typical example. There is no doubt that Larry is a genuine -: he excels at telling stories that fascinate his listeners. (A) braggart(B) dilettante(C)pilferer(D) prevaricator(E) raconteur This sentence indicates the definition of the vocabulary word: a person who excels at telling fascinating stories. You either have to know that "raconteur" means just that, or you have to know thatthe other choices don't fit that definition and use process of elimination to get to (E). If you don't know these words and their definitions, you're left having to make a wild guess. The new SAT, on the other hand, usually doesn't feature such difficult words. Let's take a look. Redesigned SAT Vocabulary Questions The new SAT asks about words as they occur within the context of the passage. You probably don't use "prevaricator" and "raconteur" all that often in daily conversation. The words on the new SAT are meant to have broader utility in college and professional life. According to College Board, the new SAT emphasizes "the meaning of words in extended contexts and on how word choice shapes meaning, tone, and impact." They give the following example (this is an excerpt from a longer passage): "...The coming decades will likely see more intense clustering of jobs, innovation, and productivity in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions. Some regions could end up bloated beyond the capacity of their infrastructure, while others struggle, their promise stymied by inadequate human or other resources." As used in line 55, "intense" most nearly means... (A) emotional(B) concentrated(C) brilliant(D) determined Based on this example, you can immediately see the difference in the vocabulary's level of difficulty. You can also see how all of those answer choices could be correct interpretations of "intense"- depending on its context, it could mean emotional, concentrated, brilliant, or determined. Only (B) concentrated, however, works within this passage, as intense is being used to describe the "clustering of jobs...in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions." Rather than calling upon your knowledge of a word's definition, this question asks you to glean meaning and connotation from the context of a passage. Did you notice any other differences in this question? It only has four answer choices, instead of five. These improved odds, plus the fact that the new SAT has no penalty for wrong answers, means you should always make your most informed guess on all the questions. Some other medium-level difficulty words that might be tested on the new SAT include "alleviate, consistent, synthesis, empirical, coincide, congenial, indelible, discord, occur, mention, emerge, admit, perform, fortunate, require, and maintain." Even if you think you know all these words, is there a way you can study them to be better prepared for SAT vocab questions? What Do These Changes Mean for Your Studying? Given these changes, do you still need to study vocabulary for the new SAT in 2016? I would still highly recommend studying vocabulary, but in a different way. You can forget about those lists of "2,000 SAT vocabulary words" (phew!) and focus on "multiple-meaning" words of medium-level difficulty. The key thing to remember is that these words might have different meanings in different contexts, so you want to ensure that you understand each word in all of its dimensions and applications. You can do this by finding a word used in several example sentences, rather than just one, as well as noting how vocabulary words are used when you readbooks, articles, and the news. The New York Times Word of the Day Learning Blog has a useful tool that lets you find all the articles in which a term shows up. While many of the words they feature apply better to the old SAT, you can use that idea of finding terms in many different sources to enhance your understanding of it. There are also several other sites that are helpful for studying these words in various contexts, like Quizlet and ProfessorWord. Plus, incorporating them into your own writing is the best way to fully grasp how their meaning is affected by word choice and usage. Since these changes closely resemble the ACT, you can also check PrepScholar's list of the 150 most commonly tested ACT words. College Board and Khan Academy have sample practice questions for the new SAT. Finally, when using older practice materials, I would recommend focusing on the passage-based questions, especially the ones that point to a specific word or phrase. Generally speaking, you can forget about the sentence completions. Overall, what are the most important takeaways from the changes that were made to the SAT? The Gist of Vocabulary Changes The following are the most important points to remember about vocabulary questions on the new SAT: Sentence completions are gone. New questions focus on moderate-level words that may have different meanings in different contexts, like "intense." To prepare, you should focus on learning how words are used in different contexts, along with how you can gather context clues to determine the meaning of a word. Check out sample questions for the new SAT and make sure you understand the changes that are being made. This will help you adjust your studying and not waste time focusing on material that's no longer relevant. Plus, studying vocabulary based on context will help you improve your overall writing, reading, and communication skills, which will be extremely helpful for high school, college, and beyond. What's Next? Besides vocabulary questions, what else is changed on the new SAT? Read about all the changes and what it means for your test prep in our full guide to the redesigned SAT in 2016. In addition to learning about the changes, figure out what these changes mean for your studying. Read all about how to study for the new SAT here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

BSc Accounting Programme -- Management Accounting -- Absorption vs Essay

BSc Accounting Programme -- Management Accounting -- Absorption vs Marginal Costing - Essay Example more value at lower cost.† In absorption costing apart from the direct costs which are allocated to the cost centers and the units produced, indirect costs are apportioned to the cost centers and the units produced on equitable basis. In the marginal costing system, the fixed and variable costs are segregated for ascertaining the effect of changes in volume on profit. The marginal cost will be very useful in taking management decisions. There are advantages as well as disadvantages in both the types of costing techniques. But, it is important to note that a good cost accounting system will be useful in identifying the unprofitable activities in an organization and inefficiencies in the system in any form. Variance analysis made by using cost accounting will be useful in highlighting the deviations from the planned performance for taking suitable management action. Absorption costing or marginal costing is used depending upon the purpose of the management activities. Wherever material, labor and expenses could be identified with the cost centers they are directly allocated to them. Indirect materials, labor and expenses which could not be directly allocated to the cost centers are apportioned to the cost centers on equitable basis. â€Å"Full absorption costing is a costing method that accounts for all costs to the units produced by the activities of an organization through cost drivers.† (Galang-Manalo & Valenzuela-Manalo, 2011, 1.8.4) Materials, labor and expenses which do not form part of the finished products are known as indirect material, labor or expenses as the case may be. These are collectively called as overheads. The overheads are subdivided into production overheads, administration overheads, selling overheads and distribution overheads. Cost apportionment involves apportionment of the indirect costs to various cost centers on an equitable basis. For example, Works Managers salary needs to be apportioned to various departments such as

Make for me....plz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Make for me....plz - Essay Example Archilde, who has just returned, is his father's last hope as an heir to the land and fortune he developed over the years. Max Leon is portrayed as the authoritarian father figure in The Surrounded. He is the ever rigid Spaniard who fails completely to communicate with his own sons. Max's problem is that he has never tried to understand his half-Indian sons. He only demands that they obey him and that they should become "Americanized" ranchers. When they fail to become fully acculturated, Max becomes bitter. The family as can be seen is quite dysfunctional. All the relationships, as it were, have collapsed. Max's sons are all estranged from him, and he cannot figure out why. Max's neighbor, rancher Emile Pariseau, has come looking for the son named Louis because he has stolen horses from Pariseau. In disgust with Louis's behavior as well as the unnamed problems with his other sons, Max angrily says that they could all be sent to the penitentiary for all he cares and he damns them all except Archilde. This is the uncaring attitude that the father figure adopts towards his children in the novel. All Max w ants is that at least one of his sons would turn out well and be worthy and able to take over his extensive ranching and farming operations.