The Contraceptive Injection Stops Reproduction Essay

MYP Science One World Essay: A Reproductive Technology - The Contraceptive Injection Introduction: All around the world, people want to experience sexual intercourse without pregnancy. Women can get pregnant when a sperm fertilizes one of their eggs. Contraception attempts to stop fertilization by either stopping the sperm from reaching the egg or by altering egg production. The contraceptive injection is a long-term method to prevent pregnancy through altering egg production. How injections work: The injection is injected into a muscle in your bottom or upper arm. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestogen (synthetic progesterone), is released into the bloodstream over the course of eight to twelve weeks (source: Mirena). This stops†¦show more content†¦The injection does not interrupt sexual intercourse, unlike barrier contraceptive methods. However, the contraceptive injection uses artificial hormones to prevent pregnancy. This affects the menstrual cycle, as it can take up to one year for fertility to return to normal and up to two years for (source: Family Planning). Once used, the effects are irreversible. Women with specific conditions, such as pregnancy, bleeding after sexual intercourse or between periods, arterial disease, history of heart disease or stroke, thrombosis (blood clot), liver disease, migraines (recurring headache with nausea and disturbed vision), breast cancer or had breast cancer before, diabetes, cirrhosis, liver tumours and risk of osteoporosis (bones become brittle or fragile from loss of tissue), cannot use the injection (source: NHS). There are also several side effects, including weight gain, thinning of bones (due to affected estrogen levels), disrupted ovulation, headaches, acne, dizziness, fatigue, hair loss, tender breasts, mood changes and loss of urge to seek sexual satisfaction (source: NHS). Like all injections, there is a slight risk of infection at the site of injection (source: NHS). An allergic reaction is also possible, but rare (source:Show MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legal?1347 Words   |  6 Pages one must first know that abortion is never promoted by pro-choice supporters, and should always be a last resort. Other contraceptive measures should be taken to avoid an unplanned pregnancy. Abstinence, or not having sex altogether, although the least plausible, is the most effective. There are several birth control options such as the birth control pill, condoms, injections, and IUDs, but there are flaws in these methods; a woman can still get pregnant while using some form of birth control. AccordingRead MoreThe History of Birth Control and Society Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesdid not stop her. Soon after her first arrest she fled the country and traveled Europe for a year learning more about birth control options. She returned to the United States to face the distribution charges in 1915, prosecutors dropped all charges in February 1916. â€Å"Margaret opened the first birth control clinic in the United States,† (Rengal 208) on October 16, 1916. The clinic was only open for 10 days before Margaret was arrested again but in that short time she provided contraceptive knowledgeRead MoreBirth Control Technologies2391 Words   |  10 Pagesit become such a politically driven issue? Government always feels the need to step in and control people’s lives but is it really necessary. It also has become evident that women are pressured into t aking precautions when it comes to sex and reproduction. Whereas, men are not required to have the same responsibility even though several different methods of contraception have been created for them as well. So I plan to explore the history, significance, future, political implications and manyRead MoreGlobalization s Effect On Women s Reproductive Rights3461 Words   |  14 Pagesglobalization to see how they feel about it. The focus of this paper will be on globalization and the mass effect that it has had on women and their rights of reproductively. It has ranged from the creation of birth control to abortion. As well as other contraceptives that has come about during the course of time. This includes the spread of these methods and the receptions that the products have gotten from the people. The question that I will be covering in this paper is that in both, positive and negativesRead MoreWomens Reproductive Rights and Freedoms1983 Words   |  8 Pages Women’s reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms pertaining to reproduction and reproductive health. One can expect reproductive rights to include the following topics: the right to birth control, the right to legal abortion, the right to education and access so that properly informed choices can be made and the right to access good-quality reproductive healthcare. The women’s reproductive rights and freedoms movement move far beyond the topic of the abortion movement alone, there areRead More Abortion: A Woman Has the Right to Choose Essay examples2307 Words   |  10 Pagesthe most common in the United States. Surgical abortions begin with a pelvic examination. The doctors than administer a pain killer, usually Motrin or Tylenol and an anti-anxiety medication usually Ativan. The surgeon also gives anesthesia via IV injection to numb the cervix. Woman can also choose general anesthesia, where they are put to sleep during the entire operation. This is usuall y done in hospital settings and can sometimes require an additional fee. Next the cervix is dilated or opened soRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives 177-185 Effects on population growth 186-187 Drug and drug abuse 188-191 Man’s impact on the environment 192-199 Reproduction in man 200-201 References 202 Introduction Many people live their lives without having a clue about certainRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagesthe 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS), it was found that the total fertility rate has declined to an average of 2.9 children per woman (Dickson, 2002). A decline in fertility rates has been associated with a high use of contraceptives among women and also the legalisation of abortion in 1996 (Swartz, 2002). Despite the decline in the total fertility rate, adolescent pregnancy has been found to be significantly high. The SADHS revealed that adolescent pregnancies accounted forRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pageshypertrophic tissue and aphthous ulcers; its mechanism of action is A. B. C. D. E. Thermodynamic action Activation of tissue enzymes Osmotic pressure Protein precipitation PPT Neutralization 48. Which of the following adverse reaction of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious A. B. C. D. E. Hypotension Hepatotoxicity Uterine neoplasia Thromboembolism disorder Decreased resistance to infection 49. A patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin might show increased postRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages.................... Example 1.4 Spray Away the Flu The newspaper article â€Å"Spray Away Flu† (Omaha World-Herald, June 8, 1998) reported on a study of the effectiveness of a new ï ¬â€šu vaccine that is administered by nasal spray rather than by injection. The article states that the â€Å"researchers gave the spray to 1070 healthy children, 15 months to 6 years old, before the ï ¬â€šu season two winters ago. One percent developed conï ¬ rmed inï ¬â€šuenza, compared with 18 percent of the 532 children who received

Much Ado About Nothing Essay - 1110 Words

English Essay The Elizabethan Worldview and Much Ado About Nothing Audrey Hernandez The Elizabethan Era is one of the most fascinating periods in the History of the World. It is named after one of the greatest of the Queens of England - Queen Elizabeth I. It was the era of the very first Theatres in England - William Shakespeare and the globe Theatre and Christopher Marlowe! It also had a very different feel and look to it than we experience nowadays and this is shown in the marriage and wedding customs, recreation, social hierarchy, and how it is a patriarchal society. The Elizabethan worldview is strongly reflected in Shakespeare’s play ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ set in the 17th century in Messina, a port on the island of Sicily,†¦show more content†¦Then there were the Yeomen who owned and used agricultural land for their living. In ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ these people would be ‘The Watch’. After them are the servants, laborers, and peasants. Last there were the indigents, the poor people, and beggars. This is also reflected in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing’ in the way that the different classes speak.It was a very patriarchal society where women were taught that they were men’s inferiors. The Elizabethans had very clear outlooks of men and women, and in general men were expected to be the workers and women to be housewives and mothers. Women were regarded as the weaker sex, not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too. It was believed that women always needed someone to look after them. If they were married, their husband was expected to look after them. If they were single, then their father, brother or another male relative was expected to take care of them. They were not allowed to go to school or university nor could they inherit their father’s titles.Women who suffered most in this period were those like the Queen who did not wish to marry. Tudor society did not have many opportunities open to single women and, following the Reformation, those avenues were even less. Before, women were able to become nuns and look forward to a gratifying life in convents, and perhaps be a Mother Superior one day. But with the Reformation, the convents were closed. Wealthy single women could lookShow MoreRelated Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing585 Words   |  3 Pages Social Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing nbsp; In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare presents us with a romp through the realms of truth and illusion. The play is full of characters plotting and deceiving, for both noble and repugnant reasons. It is a study in the importance and necessity of illusion in our everyday lives, and shows how deeply ingrained deception is in our social behaviors. nbsp; Everybody is involved in some kind of illusion, from the masked celebration to the unveilingRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing is a play involving by deception, disloyalty, trickery, eavesdropping, and hearsay. The play contains numerous examples of schemes that are used to manipulate the thoughts of other characters; it is the major theme that resonates throughout the play. Ironically, it is one of these themes that bring serenity to the chaos that encompasses most of the play. amp;#9;The first example of deception we see is with the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.Read MoreComedy in Much Ado about Nothing Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Explore the importance of disguise and deception in Much Ado about Nothing. Are they merely effective plot devices? Much Ado about Nothing was written by William Shakespeare in 1598, towards the middle of his career and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Disguise and deception are used to great comic effect, as well as to drive the main and sub-plot forward. However, an attentive audience may notice how disguise and deception can also be seen to develop characters and relationships, and showRead More Analysis of Much Ado About Nothing Essay3681 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing illustrates a kind of deliberately puzzling title that seems to have been popular in the late 1590s (ex quot;As You Like Itquot;). Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire This essay will analyse the way in which Shakespeare makes this comedy bitterly satirical, and a comment on not only the pretentious style and swank of Spaniards, namely Don Pedro and his gang, but human stupidity as a whole. Much Ado About Nothing portrays the issues of sex, war, marriage and chivalric courtly love in an ironic and satirical way. On a topical level, the play satirises Spanish, Sicilian andRead MoreKenneth Branaghs Much Ado About Nothing Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe scene opens in the beautiful hills of Tuscany, Italy. Lying about on the slopes of grass are the humble townsfolk basking in the sunshine as a soft voice introduces; â€Å"Sigh no more ladies, sigh no more.† This dreamlike setting is the opening scene of the major motion picture Much Ado About Nothing as envisioned by film director Kenneth Branagh. A far cry from its Shakespearean origins, Branagh’s Much Ado has a look and feel all of its own. This film seeks to capture its audience with visual majestyRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: An Exploration of Conformity925 Words   |  4 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing as an Exploration of Conformity       In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, Beatrice and Benedict rant about marriage for most of the beginning of the play, while Claudio raves about how wonderful it will be being married to Hero.   Yet in the end, Claudio exchanges his marriage to Hero for an opportunity to bash her in public, while Beatrice and Benedick marry despite that they were mortal enemies for most of the first three acts.   How did the situation swing aroundRead More Problematic Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesQuestioning Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing       Much Ado About Nothing raises many important issues concerning the institution of marriage. Perhaps Shakespeares purpose in writing this play was to question the existing approach to relationships and marriage. Shakespeare reveals the faults of the process through the characters of Hero and Claudio and also Heros father, Leonato. Shakespeare also may be suggesting an alternative approach to marriage and relationships through the charactersRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Effective Use of the Foil1025 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Use of the Foil in   Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, the famous British poet William Blake wrote that without contraries there is no progression - Attraction and repulsion, reason and imagination, and love and hate are all necessary for human existence (Blake 122).   As Blake noted, the world is full of opposites.   But, more importantly, these opposites allow the people of the world to see themselves and their thoughts more clearly.   For, as BlakeRead MoreEssay on Inconstancy in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing 1099 Words   |  5 PagesInconstancy in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) explains inconstancy as the recurrent and generally unexpected or impulsive change from one condition to another. It is the state or quality of being inconstant and unfaithful by virtue of being undependable or deceitful. Set in Messina, Sicily, Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is a very popular play generally viewed as one of his happiest comedies and is often performed in theatres. However, the playfulness

Business Management for Event Industries †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Management for Event Industries. Answer: Business event industries primarily organize conference for gathering people together in quest of gaining new thoughts and ideas. Three types of people from different sectors primarily focus on attending such kinds of event. They include people corporate sector, association and government sectors. The responsibility of event management companies is to select a secured place so that delegates do not feel insecure in attending the conference (Zhang, Leung and Qu 2007). Large number of workshops, plenary sessions and executions are organized for enhancing the knowledge and experience of people. As per the various patterns conference is constituted with three major types including small, medium and large. Small conference is arranged in a hall by involving a limited number of people. This particular event has already gained an image and reputation for its systematic operation process. The entire event has focused to involve total 200 delegates associated with the various industries. Befo re conducting the conference some of the eminent scholars belonging to different industries are invited for sharing their experience and views. The entire event is conducted for two days. Total 10 exhibitors are intimately associated with the entire operation process (Thomson Schlenker and Schulenkorf 2013). While conducting the conference a proper and systematic management team is there for controlling the overall process. The primary responsibility of that management team is communicating with every single delegate and knowing their difficulties at the conference. In order to treat 200 delegates a small conference room is enough for treating every single delegate with proper care and affection. The primary objective of conducting a small conference is to provide a professional knowledge and guidance regarding the importance of social networking activities for the human being (Saayman 2012). In many cases, it has been observed that people tend to lose their hopes and desires for leading a peaceful life due to continuous upheavals they have to face on their journey. Attending a conference can give innumerable knowledge and experience on how to develop creative and intuitive skill by attending a conference. Operation managers have to play major responsibility while arranging the entire event for two days. People like to stay away from monotonous livelihood in this specific season. The operation managers while conducting the entire event have taken care of some of the most relevant factors (Del ChIAPPA 2012). Delegates are from different cultural as well as religious backgrounds. The primary purpose of the operation managers is to treat every single employee with equal respect and dignity. The personnel associated with events and operation process should keep maintaining interior and decorum as the choice of target customers. The product managers should give food as well as tea facilities and benefits given. The managers should give equal priority and response to all the delegates who will participate in the event (Atkins and Moyer 2013). In addition, people belonging to different geographical boundaries like to attend the event. The operation managers should maintain effective communica tion with every single associate properly in order to know their problems and difficulties. After the end of the event, every single delegate should be dropped at their convenient place (Jaeger and Mykletun 2013). The entire transport facilities are very much effective so that not a single person has to face difficulties in communicating with the exhibitors properly. In order to break the monotony of events, the organizers have hired some professionals for having a good performance (Rieke et al. 2012). This particular performance has enhanced the rhythmic flow of entire conference. People belonging to different geographical areas are allowed to attend the event. Operation managers as well as the entire service crew are flexible enough in dealing with every single person associated with the event. The crew associated with operations can arrange a medium size of the conference by involving around 1500 delegates. The persons who are invited to this specific program include the persons from corporate, government and various non-profit organizational sectors (Rojek 2014). Total 50 exhibitors participate in the overall conference in order to arrange the entire event systematically. The primary purpose of organizing this specific event is to make the people aware of the values and importance of social networking sites in the present era of advanced technology. The eminent delegates are present their own experience and knowledge on how they get facilities and benefits from the social network activities (Saayman 2012). With the advancement of technology, people get the flexibility of having entire information regarding a particular matter by sitting at their own place. People do not have to face difficulties in dealing with the travel in gaining knowledge and information anywhere after the emergence of advanced technology (Thomson, Schlenker and Schulenkorf 2013). Therefore, social networking activities are having immense contributing for developing the society. In order to arrange a medium conference 50 exhibitors are hired for conducting the entire program. The primary purpose of those exhibitors is to keep a constant control over the entire procedure of event. The delegates are from different backgrounds. Therefore, the operation managers should have the capability to make an effective interaction with every single delegate (Lotem et al. 2013). Especially, the organizers are from different religious backgrounds. They may have to face difficulties in dealing with the delegates due to their linguistic barriers. However, maintaining effective communication with every single delegate is the primary responsibility of the operation executives. Medium conference is generally conducted for three days. The primary responsibility of operation managers is to take care of delegates for three consecutive days. By sharing necessary experience regarding the importance of the using social networks, the visitors can gain knowledge and experience (Wilkinson et al. 2015). On the other hand, the primary mission of conducting the event is to educate the people on how to use social networking sites along with the advantages and disadvantages (Bearzotti, Salomone and Chiotti 2012). The operation managers should make a constant update regarding the feedback of delegates on what kinds of difficulties they are facing at the conference hall. The medium size conference is endowed with eight concurrent sessions every day by involving 50 exhibitors. An effective plenary session includes that all the delegates needs to attend in theatre set up for listening to a key-note speaker. In addition, after conducting the event, the operation managers shou ld take the responsibility of dropping the delegates to the proper destination (Tanford, Montgomery and Nelson 2012). The managers should take a constant feedback on how the delegates have enjoyed the entire event. If any kind of negative response has been received from the viewer, the operation managers should rectify that mistake next time (Yeoman et al. 2012). Therefore, feedback is highly needed in rectifying the mistakes of conference exhibitors. As per the response collected from delegates, the next event can be organized. A medium size conference is similar to small events actually where the physical equipments like chair, table, decoration is equally relevant. The quantity of food and beverage option should be expanded. The space of the floor and the number of rooms should be larger than small conference. A major international conference for 5 days can be arranged regarding plenary and concurrent sessions by involving around 5000 delegates. The primary purpose of attending this international conference is to convey the message to the international viewers about the effectiveness of social networking activities. Viewers from different geographical backgrounds and attitudes like to attend this event (Verbeke 2015). The operation crews like to involve around 5000 delegates for participating in the international event. The primary purpose of the managers is to keep a constant care on the overall performance of the executives and the entire crew. In order to take care of 5000 delegates, the service providers should take a big conference hall so that around 5000 employees can be accommodated. People belonging to different geographical sectors tend to attend the event. The primary objective of arranging this event is to evaluate the importance of social networking sites on the overall enhancement of a business industry as well as of an individual. In order to attend an international conference, the delegates are from different geographical and cultural backgrounds (Masterman 2014). The personnel associated with operation process have to face immense difficulties in communicating with the delegates; in this kind of situation the primary responsibility of the operation managers is to render flexibility on the language and facial expression. As a result, people belonging to different cultural attitudes do not get hesitated in communicating with a particular individual properly. The communicators should make an active interaction with the delegates so that they become flexible in sharing their views. While conducting an international event, the organizers focus on destination management company (DMCs). The primary responsibility of DMCs is to coordinate with transport and visa as well as accommodation. The people who attend events are from different psychological backgrounds. At the time of conveying a particular message, the delegates intend to express their point of views from various perspectives (Silvers 2012). This kind of situation renders an innumerable debate at the conference hall. The primary responsibility of operation managers is to conduct the program peacefully so that the visitors do not have to face enough chaos and unhealthy situation. The entire conference is conducted for five days. Before arranging international events the organizers should make an effective communication with the organizations of tourism sectors in order to host the international guests. In every single day the delegates should get the entire facility of transportation (Jaeger and Mykletun 20 13). The foods and products should be arranged in such a way that people belonging to different culture and religious backgrounds can enjoy their food facilities. The primary purpose of arranging an international event is not to convey the message internally but to express the point of view in the global market. Therefore, people belonging to the different region can get an in-depth knowledge and experience about the importance and value of social networking sites (Rogers 2013). In a word, business event industry by conducting conference of different levels tends to allow participants in collaborating their thoughts, ideas and views from different perspectives. In order to make an event successful the operational requirement is highly significant. Otherwise the organizers fail to arrange the entire event peacefully as well as systematically. References: Atkins, M.G. and Moyer, D.S., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013.Facilitating event management and analysis within a communications environment. U.S. Patent 8,347,143. Del ChIAPPA, G., 2012. How do meet organizers choose convention sites based on different types of meetings? An empirical analysis of the Italian meetings industry.Event Management,16(2), pp.157-170. Jaeger, K. and Mykletun, R.J., 2013. Festivals, identities, and belonging.Event Management,17(3), pp.213-226. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. Rieke, R., Coppolino, L., Hutchison, A., Prieto, E. and Gaber, C., 2012, October. Security and Reliability Requirements for Advanced Security Event Management. InMMM-ACNS(pp. 171-180). Rogers, T 2013, Conferences and conventions: a global industry, 3rd edn., Routledge, New York. Rojek, C., 2014. Global event management: A critique.Leisure Studies,33(1), pp.32-47. Saayman, M. ed., 2012.Introduction to Sports Tourism and Event Management, An. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. Silvers, JR 2012, Professional event coordination, 2nd edn., Vol. 62, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Tanford, S, Montgomery, R Nelson, KB 2012, 'Factors that influence attendance, satisfaction, and loyalty for conventions', Journal of Convention Event Tourism, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 290-318. Thomson, A., Schlenker, K. and Schulenkorf, N., 2013. Conceptualizing sport event legacy.Event Management,17(2), pp.111-122. Verbeke, J 2015, 'Four layers for designing conferences as learning environments: space, time, communities of practice and trust', Constructivist Foundations, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 115-8. Wilkinson, SE, Basto, MY, Perovic, G, Lawrentschuk, N Murphy, DG 2015, 'The social media revolution is changing the conference experience: analytics and trends from eight international meetings', BJU International, vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 839-46. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge. Zhang, HQ, Leung, V Qu, H 2007, 'A refined model of factors affecting convention participation decision-making', Tourism Management, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1123-7.

Budwieser Essay Example For Students

Budwieser Essay Executive SummaryAnheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximizeshareholder value and increase efficiency. Through their extremely effective marketing strategies A-B has gained control of over 47% of the global market share. In the process of doing this, Anheuser-Busch has become one of the most recognizable trademarks. This is not without its faults though. Anheuser-Buschs aggressive advertising campaign has targeted more than who they bargained for. Through A-Bs catchy advertisements, they have attracted customers other than the 21+ age group, and recreational drinkers. It is the opinion of many researchers that Anheuser-Busch is negligent in their advertising, and insists that changes need to be made. Through proper regulation of their advertising, consumers would be allowed to make choices free of media persuasion. Situation AnalysisEnvironment:CooperativeAnheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. continually seeks opportunities to maximize shareholder value and increase efficiency. As noted in the Annual Report for 1999, Anheuser-Busch remains focused on three major objectives to enhance shareholder value:#61553; Increasing per barrel profitability which, when combined with continued market share growth, will provide solid long-term earnings per share growth. #61553; Profitable expansion of international beer operations by building the Budweiser brand worldwide and making selected investments in leading brewers in key international beer growth markets. The company has made significant marketing investments to build Budweiser brand recognition outside the United States and operates overseas breweries in China and the United Kingdom. The company also has a significant equity position in Grupo Modelo, Mexicos largest brewer and producer of the Corona brand. ;#61553; Continued support of profit growth in packaging and entertainment operations. Packaging operations provide significant efficiencies, cost savings and quality assurance for domestic beer operations, while entertainment operations enhance the companys corporate image by showcasing its heritage, values and commitment to quality and social responsibility to 19 million visitors annually as well as adding their profit contribution. The companys strong commitment to achieve these objectives benefits all firms and individuals that maintain a vested interest in their corporation. CompetitiveWith an estimated 47.5% of the total market share for 1999, Anheuser-Busch continues to widen the gap separating them from their nearest competitors. Budweiser and Bud Light are the No.1 and No. 2 best-selling beers in the world. Miller, their closest rival maintains 22.1% of the market share. The following chart illustrates market share in 1999 for the nations leading breweries. 1999 Market Share(Estimated)In 1999, they achieved record sales and earnings, selling over 100 million barrels of beer worldwide for the first time in history. August A. Busch III, Chairman of the Board and President, says his company owes its success to, The combination of outstanding domestic beer industry fundamentals, the highest quality and freshest beer in the industry and exceptional marketing and sales execution. According to Fortune Magazine, the company applies venerable marketing techniques more vigorously and imaginatively than the competition. The companys most important technique is target marketing. Anheuser-Busch sponsors events and runs advertising specifically aimed at all sorts of consumers: blacks, whites, blue-collar workers, computer-buffs, and sports fans. Sports fans make up a large, diverse population. The company has strategically positioned themselves to promote to this target audience, with 70% of their advertising dollars going towards sports programming. They have exclusive deals with 21 of 24 major league baseball teams, 21 of 28 National Football League franchises, 300 college sports teams, and most professional basketball, hockey, and soccer teams. Anheuser-Busch has been very effective in maintaining a competitive advantage over its fellow rivals. EconomicThe primary economic issue affecting this companys environment is taxation. The company is significantly impacted by federal, state and local taxes, including beer excise taxes. Beer excise taxes are a sin tax, which raise revenue for the government. The national median is 18 cents per gall on of beer (St Louis Post, 98). An increase in taxes effects costs to the company, hence, costs to the wholesalers and consumers. According to the Annual Report for 1999, taxes applicable to 1999 operations (not including the many indirect taxes included in materials and services purchased) totaled $3.0 billion an increase of $114 million, or 3.9%, vs. 1998 total taxes of $ billion. Taxes in 1998 increased 8.1%. The increases in taxes in 1999 and 1998 are primarily due to higher excise taxes on increased beer volume. The economic constraints beer excise taxes impose considerably affect the companys overall performance. Social The social environment plays a key role in how Anheuser-Busch effectively markets their product to its consumers. For apparent reasons, such as, alcohol abuse, underage drinking, and drunk driving, not everyone is in favor of promoting alcoholic beverages. Many individuals and organizations lobby against the brewing industry and have a strong voice in the political arena. MADD, (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) is well known for its prominent position in the fight to end alcohol abuse. There has been much controversy on how Anheuser-Busch chooses to advertise its beer products. Over the years, some of their most successful advertising campaigns have been targeted for promoting underage drinking. Listed below are article summaries related to this controversial issue. #61553; Controversy: Frothing Anti-drink Forces Set Out to Nip Spuds in the Bud (People, 10/26/87) MADD member, spots stuffed Spuds MacKenzie doll in toy store. MADD claims Anheuser-Busch is promoting alcohol to minors. Anheuser-Busch, places blame on merchandising pirates and claims Spuds items are not intended to be sold to people under 21. #61553; TV Ads vs. Alcohol Abuse Drive: Uneven Contest (St. Louis Dispatch, 1/30/93) Sue Giles, division director of Missouri states division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, says the brewing industry will spend more money to promote drinking in three minutes of Super Bowl commercials than Missouri will spend in one year to prevent alcohol abuse. ;#61553; Anheuser-Busch Shareholders Want Teen Drinking Advertising Study (Gannett News Service, 4/25/95) The Dominican Sisters of Adrian, Michigan, who number about 200 shareholders, argue that A-Bs beer advertising appeals to those under 21. They attend annual shareholder meeting to suggest study be conducted on current advertising strategies. #61553; Trouble Brewing Bud Frogs Appeal to Children New Study Says (St. Louis Dispatch, 4/25/96) The Center on Alcohol Advertising, based in Berkeley, California, conducted a study which indicated children from ages 9 to 11 were more likely to recognize Budweisers television frogs than Kelloggs Tony the Tiger, The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers or Smokey the Bear. #61553; Commentary: Do Budweiser Frogs Give Young People a Bad Idea? (Gannett News Service, 9/20/96) MADD believes the Budweiser frog ads clearly appeal to United States youth and believe the frog commercials should be banned from television. #61553; MADD Blasts Beer Company: Group Pushes Teen Drinking as Campaign Issue; Budweiser Defends Ads (The Dallas Morning News, 9/14/96) MADD says Buds animated bullfrogs are the Joe Camel of beer ads. Anheuser-Busch hosts news conference, spokeswoman, Francine I. Katz, states We are not helped by the abuse of our product. We are strong and out there with a voice that says we want our product consumed safely and by adults.;#61553; Anheuser-Busch Super Bowl Ad Encourages Parents to Talk to Teens to Prevent Illegal Drinking (Business Wire, 1/25/99) Anheuser-Busch Super Bowl Ad encourages parents to talk to teens to prevent illegal drinking. It is evident; alcohol advertising is subject to serious debate. These issues may place constraints on marketing activities and must be taken into consideration. In contrast, this company owes its success to its products popularity. A large majority of the adult population enjoys alcoholic beverages, drinks responsibly and is strongly in favor of promoting alcoholic beverages. Anheuser-Busch must be prepared to effectively handle the social controversy, which arises with the sale of their product. PoliticalThe political environment is very influential on the brewing industry. Often, social issues affect the political realm, consequently, placing more restrictions on the sales or consumption of alcohol. For instance, MADD seeks support from politicians during election time. Political leaders may then fight to increase alcohol taxes, as well as, place more restrictions on the marketing and consumption of alcohol. In 1993, Senator Paul Simon, of Illinois, introduced legislation that would require all liquor advertising to carry a Surgeon Generals warning. Also, due to the serious problems of drunk driving, efforts were made by state and federal officials to lower the blood-alcohol limit to .08 for offenders. Political influence impacts how the brewing industry handles its operations. Anheuser-Busch must respond accordingly to these political issues. They stress their opposition to alcohol abuse, underage drinking and drunk driving. With community programs across the United States , they lead the industry in the promotion of alcohol awareness and education. LegalThe legal environment in the brewing industry is often affected by social and political attitudes directed at constraining business practices. There has been much controversy over the advertising of alcohol products through various forms of media. For instance, Anheuser-Busch and Miller Brewing Co., ceased advertising on the MTV network after the FTC launched an investigation into the airing of beer commercials to an audience consisting of mostly underage viewers. The White House has requested the FCC investigate possible restrictions on liquor advertising on TV. Although, there are no federal regulations that apply to alcohol advertising, local governments have placed restrictions on alcohol advertising. Alcohol ads were recently banned from billboards in Baltimore, and other cities are planning similar actions (Journal of Advertising, 1998). These legal restrictions impact on Anheuser-Busch markets its product. Impact on wide area network EssayThe report also presents data on brand awareness and preference, attitudes toward drinking, and responses to selected advertisements (Atkin 93). The findings are based on survey and experimental research with a sample of 1,227 people of diverse backgrounds from different regions of the country conducted in 1992-93. Strategic Alternatives for Solving ProblemDescription of Strategic Alternative OneIt is clear that alcohol advertising has very serious detrimental effects on its target audience. While advertising is an integral part in every organizations ability to market its products, we need to be more conscious of the message that is being sent out to potential consumers of alcohol. While the current ads are very effective in marketing alcohol, they need to focus more on the product and less on the lifestyle. There also needs to be defined limits on how much advertising can be done, where it can be done, as well as what time the ads can be run, ultimately avoiding the underage and underprivileged audience. Also, there needs to be a clear message of drinking responsibly in every single ad that markets alcohol. For this to be done fairly and effectively, it should be the responsibility of a government body to impose these new regulations. That way the same rule would be applied to all alcohol brewing companies. In addition to regulating the advertising of alcohol, tax deductions allowed to businesses for advertising need to be taken away from producers of products that have the potential to harm its consumers. In a study based on data from the 75 top television markets in the U.S. from 1986 to 1989, Saffer argues that increased advertising leads to increased consumption which, in turn, results in increased motor vehicle deaths. He estimates that eliminating the tax deduction for alcohol advertising would reduce alcohol advertising by 15%, resulting in 1,300 fewer motor vehicle deaths per year. Benefits of Alternative One The obvious benefits of a controlled advertising campaign would be a more accurate targeting of the legal drinking market, a less distorted image of what the product will do for its consumer, and fewer alcohol related injuries and violence. Budweiser has been an innovator in the area of responsible advertising. While they are still not perfect, they have taken steps to encourage responsibility when drinking. Actions like those are what helped many believe that Budweiser is a responsible corporate citizen, in turn, making consumers feel better about buying Bud products. Costs of Alternative One The cost of regulated advertising will be a reduction in sales. To offset the loss in revenue, Anheuser-Busch could look into foreign markets, as well as creating new product lines that could compliment their current line but not contribute to its consumption. By looking at the big picture though, a more responsible advertising campaign would limit Buds liability in lawsuits and other litigation that would involve over-consumption. Description of Strategic Alternative TwoThe alternative to limiting advertising would be to eliminate alcohol-related advertising all together. In this case, the products could only be advertised directly where they are sold. Grocery stores would only have advertisements in the liquor department, sporting events would rely strictly on the mobile beer vendors, and other venues could only advertise in the actual beer garden. Benefits of Alternative Two Clearly, a reduction in consumption would be attributed to this type of, Out of site, out of mind campaign. Without the constant bombardment from advertisers, people might actually choose an alternative to consuming alcohol. Costs of Alternative TwoThe cost of eliminating advertising will be a reduction in sales. To offset the loss in revenue, Anheuser-Busch could look into foreign markets, as well as creating new product lines that could compliment their current line but not contribute to its consumption. Selection of Strategic Alternative and ImplementationStatement of Selected StrategyRegulated advertising would be the best strategy for all parties involved. Justification for Selection of StrategyWhile regulated advertising wouldnt reduce alcohol consumption the most, it would allow consumers make decisions without the usual bombardment associated with current alcohol advertising. Given the opportunity to make a clear decision, I believe consumers would make more appropriate decisions, as well as benefit from the message of drinking more responsibly. This would also be the most favorable strategy from Anheuser-Buschs point of view. Completely banning alcohol advertising would infringe on some of their basic rights. Description of Implementation of StrategyTo implement this strategy, it would take the support of a government agencies like the FTC, FDA, or FCC. It would be their responsibility to set guidelines for each company to abide by. They would then need to monitor those advertising activities to ensure complete compliance with the regulations. Works Cited1999 Annual Report, Anheuser-Busch CompaniesAnheuser-Busch Announces Record Sales and Earnings for the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 1999; Worldwide A-B Brand Shipments Exceed 100 Million Barrels. Business Wire, 2/2/2000. Online. Electric Library. Atkin, C.K., The Role of Alcohol Advertising in Excessive and Hazardous Drinking.Journal of Drug Education 1993, p.313-325Best, Kathleen. Simon Wants Warning on Liquor Ads. St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3/31/93, p. 15A. Online. Electric Library. Fox, RichardJ.;Krugman, Dean M.; Fletcher, James E.;Fischer, Paul M., Adolescents attention to beer and cigarette print ads and associated product warnings. Journal of Advertising, 9/22/98. vol. 27. p. 57. Online. Electric Library. Gerbner, G., Stories That Hurt. Journal for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990, p. 53-57Saffers, H., Alcohol Advertising and Motor Vehicle Fatalities. Review of Economics and Statisitics. 1993, p.431-442Sellers, Patricia. Selling: How Busch Wins in a Doggy Market. Fortune Magazine, 6/22/87, p. 99. Electric Library. Tax and Sin in Moderation. St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2/26/98. Electric Library.